fetal growth and development

通報

問題一覧

from birth up to first month of life (28 days)

newborn period

marked physiologic transition in all organ system

newborn period

infant learn to respond to many form of external stimuli

newborn period

parenting of newborn requires dedication and many factors influence parents ability to assure the role of a caregiver

newborn period

average weight of a newborn period

3.4 kg ( 7.5 lbs)

average weight of newborn period in the -philippines :_____ -usa:___

philippines 3 kg usa 3.5 kg

average length of a newborn period

50 cm (20in) ± 2-5

average head circumstances in newborn period

35 cm (14in) ±2

marked by physical growth maturation acquisition of competence and psychologic reorganization

the first year

acquire new competencies in all developmental domains

the first year

concept of development trajectories highlights complex skill build on simpler ones

the first year

language of the first year

babbling before words

what are the 4 motor of the first year

crawling standing up walking running

at birth ( filipino child) weight:____ height:____ head circumference:____

weight:3000 grams height:50 sm head circumference: 35±cm

the weight of a newborn may drop_____% during 1st week

10%

a newborns weight regain or exceed BW by ______

2nd week

newborns gain ______g/day during 1st month

30 g/day

at what year does girls surpass boys

8-12 years

at what year does the boys take the lead than the girls

14 years

females enter growth spurt ______years earlier than boys

2 years

total average gain during the 1st year ? height

25 cm

average gain during: birth-3months:____ 3-6 month:____ 6-9 month:___ 9-12 month:_____

birth-3months: 9cm 3-6 month: 8 cm 6-9 month: 5cm 9-12 month: 3cm

____ cm can after the first year of life + ______cm average at birth= _____cm height

25cm + 50 cm= 75 cm

head circumference is taken routinely up to?

3 years

total head circumference gain during the first year?

10 cm

head circumference came in: 1-4 months: 5-12 months: 2nd year of life: 3rd-4th year of life: 6th-12th year of life:

1-4 months: 1/2 inch/month 5-12 months: 1/4 inch/month 2nd year of life: 1 inch/year 3rd-4th year of life: 1/2 inch/year 6th-12th year of life: 1/2 inch in 5 years

___ cm average head circumstances at birth + ___ cm increases after the 1st year of life = ___ cm head circumference

35 cm + 10 cm = 45cm

10 organ development in prenatal development

1. muscles 2. cutaneous development 3. nervous system 4. sensory development 5. auditory system 6. olfactory system 7. gustatory system 8. digestive system 9. urinary system 10. lymphatic system

muscle development takes place at the______

pre-muscular mesodermal tissue

largest increment of muscle mass start at_____ of gestation to ________

4 th month of gestation to early maturation

muscular system development: mid pregnancy:________ of the total body size birth: ___-____ of the total body size adolescence: ____ early adulthood:___

mid pregnancy: 1/6 of the total body size birth: 1/5- 1/4 of the total body size adolescence: 1/3 early adulthood: 2/5

muscle strengths doubles between____-___ y/o

12-16 y/o

what muscle is derived from myotome or from mesoderms of pharyngeal arches

cross- striated muscle

what muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm

smooth muscles

mesoderm of somite and limb buds

skeletal muscle of the trunk and limbs

ectodermal origin

epidermis

mesodermal origin

dermis

newborn is covered with______ and _______

vernix caseosa and lanugo

fine downy hair that covers the body. abundant in premature patients

lanugo

cheesy like white substance that covers the baby at birth which help in thermoregulation

vernix caseosa

functional at birth localizes sound at 6 months ( origin of sound)

auditory system

observe at birth but becomes more acute at the later age

olfactory system

newborn are unable to distinguish flavors acute taste discriminations at 3 months

gustatory system

sweat glands functions for temperature regulations

1 month

hair matrix, sebacus and apocrine glands or identifiable

third fetal month

eccrine sweat glands appear

fifth fetal month

auxiliary and labial gland undergo cyclic changes, skin of axillae, areola and genitalia become hyperpigmented

at puberty

invasion of dendritic cell of the neural crest which later form the melanin

first 3 months of fetal life

dermis differentiates into connective tissue containing collagenous and elastic fiber

3rd and 4th fetal month

what year does scalp here may be lost or replace by courser hair

2y/o

appearance of pubic and auxiliary hair

puberty and adolescence

appear during the last 3 months increases during the first year diminishes until adolescence

subcutaneous fat

brain starts to develop at

4 weeks

three main brain division at

5 weeks AOG

myelination completes at

6 to 12 months old

complete myelination at

7 years

calcification of pineal gland

10 years

rapid brain grows at

infancy and childhood

pain sensation

sensory development

not develop in newborn

pain sensation

can localize pain and withdraw from it at

7 to 9 months

shoves painful stimulus away and bring hands to irritated area at

12 to 16 months

there is no tactile sensation during the first week of life

tactile

there is more localized response to pain during the next month

tactile

starts at early prenatal life at the face then spread to limbs and trunk in cephalocaudal succession

tactile

not well developed at birth

vision

newborn can only see____,____ and ___ (shadows and silhouettes)

black white and red

clear vision at

16 weeks

visual acuity of 20/20

7 years

20/400

birth

regards(smiles)

1 month

fixation fixation/tracking (able to follow objects)

3months

binocular (2eyes can see clearly)

3-7 months

20/30

3 years

20/20 (3-5 yrs old)

4 years

in digestive system: elongation of gut into belly stalk ( future umbilicus) at

from fifth fetal week on

cecum at LUQ

10th fetal week

result from persistence of yolk stalk

Meckel's diverticulum

profuse growth of epithelial lining of gut resulting in lumen occlusion

second fetal month

failure to re canalize result to______

Atresia

capacity of stomach birth: 1 month: 1year: 2years: late childhood:

capacity of stomach birth: 30-90 ml 1 month: 90-150 ml 1year: 210-360 ml 2years: 500-750 ml late childhood: 750-900 ml

the internal homeostasis is regulated mainly by the kidney through the following mechanisms: ✓excretion of nitrogenous waste mainly as urea ✓stabilization of osmotic pressure and chemical composition ✓regulation of extracellular fluid volume ✓maintenance of acid base balance

urinary system

lymphatic system peak increases at

6-7 years

in lymphatic system____ will be the largest lymphoid organ

spleen

in lymphatic system_____ usually closes at one or two months

posterior fontanelle

anterior fontanelle between___ months and __ months

9 months and 18 months

formal closure of fontanelles and sutures: _______ post fontanelle _______ fibrous union of suture lines _______ anterior fontanelle closed _______ ossification of craniobasal bones complete _______ sutures cannot be separated by ICP _______ sutures still visible on x-ray

__3 months_____post fontanelle __6 months____ fibrous union of suture lines __20 months __ anterior fontanelle closed __8 months ___ ossification of craniobasal bones complete _12 years_____sutures cannot be separated by ICP __20 years__ sutures still visible on x-ray

what are the postnatal growth

A. principles of development B. core concept on development C. behavioral development 1. developmental monitoring in primary care 2. developmental surveillance

birth to maturity is a continuous process

principles of development

sequence is same for all children but the rate varies from child to child

principles of development

intimately related to maturation of the nervous system

principles of development

generalized mass activity replaced by specific individual responses

principles of development

primitive reflexes must be lost before voluntary movement is acquired

principles of development

interaction between biology and experience

core concept on development

influenced by culture and reflected in child rearing belief and practices

core concept on development

children are active participants in their own development

core concept on development

human relationships and its effects are the building blocks on health development

core concept on development

there is interplay between vulnerability and resilience

core concept on development

it can be altered by interventions

core concept on development

100

developmental monitoring integral part of a child health supervision

developmental monitoring in primary care

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