provides information that may direct the choice of subsequent diagnostic procedures or therapeutic management of the patient

ill infants and children often a reliant on __&____

a systematic evaluation of the radiographic image includes attention to the technical factors of___,___&____

routine or departmental chest radiograph almost always are obtained with the patient____, either _____ or ____

the radiographic beam travels through the patient horizontally usually________

a ____, which often seen in the stomach or bowel of the upper abdomen will help to show the patient's position

almost always are taken with the patient______ or ____ and the beam direction vertical, does the radiographic beam travels in an_______

it is an indicator of respiratory effort and reflects the ability of the patients to ventilate

in diaphragmatic position for most infant and children are reasonable inspiratory effort will place the _____ ___ at the level of the ___ ___ ___

_____or slightly angled x-ray tube will direct the radiographic beam upward

in lordotic patient position counting___ ribs therefore will introduce less of the projection error than counting___ ribs

it is achieved when the patient position is placed on the right or left side

with the patient in this _____ ____ ____, the radiographic beam may be vertical or horizontal

___ beam generally provides information such as the presence of free pleural fluid and free pleural air

____-____ ____ ____ shows the heart size, the mediastinum and the hilar structures well

all rises to the highest point of the chest and distinction between a___________ and anterior collected_______ is not possible in this projection, which is why the supine cross-table view is not often used

formally known as hyaline membrane disease

respiratory distress syndrome remains a significant problem for premature infant born at fewer than ____ weeks gestation

one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in newborn is

pre tern newborn are unable to produce____ of adequate quality and quantity due to pulmonary immaturity which is the primary etiology of rds

there is early obliteration or loss of edge of the bronchi and intrapulmonary vessels from the adjacent acinar atelectasis

under aeration there is a small nodular densities can be seen upon a background of____

inflammatory disease are pulmonary fluid overload to produce lungs that are hyperaerated

______ ____ _ __ ___ delayed clearing of: - normal alveolar fluid - aspiration syndrome (aspiration of meconium) - aspiration pneumonia - infectious pneumonia will all produced hyper aeration

ribs are ____ ___, the heart is ___ and ___ and the apex of the diaphragm is ____ _ __ ___ _ on a frontal view of the chest

although spontaneous pneumothorax can and does occur, ____ ___ with ___ __ ____ is most often associated with RDS

the hemidiaphragm may ___ in the ____ ___, the mediastinum may shift into the ______ side from the pressure effect of the volume and the ribs- interspaces may be ______( larger on the involve side and smaller on the normal side)

RDS if untreated it progressively worse than over the first _____ hours of life . leading to _________ and in some cases_________

on physical examination of RDS, auscultated breath are _____ and infants appear pale with _____ ______ ____

RDS urine output often is ____ in the first ___-___ hours and _______ ___& is common.

treatment of rds with ________ ________ changed the expected history of RDS.

within minutes of administration, exogenous surfactant dramatically improves : 1. 2. 3.

tubing positions: 1. 2. 3.

normal tubing position: thoracic inlet-__________ bifurcation of trachea-________ on the film that us too light -_______

tip of et tube can be seen between __-___ levels

advances the et tube farther down towards the carina

withdraws the tube upward

most et tube for infants have _____ ____ ____ at the tip of the tube

_________ must pass through the gastroesophangeal junction, which can be seen at the level of the ___-___ vertebral body

___ ___ are superimposed very the air filled body of the stomach and directly laterally towards the greater curvature of the gastric wall- proper position

_______ no opaque stripes in their wall

_____________ shows the position of the tube

______ shows it's course and located the tip

do not have a radiopaque stripe in the wall> entering from a left jugular system or subclavian venous system is best place when the tip is in the ___________ __, proximal to the original of the SVC

entering from the right jugular system or right subclavian vein should have the tip in the proximal SVC

lies just to the right of the spine and the tip is within the arc of the ______ ___&&

tip is best placed just above the aortic bifurcation at the ___ level

________- hyperaeration with subsequent atelectasis of the contralateral lung

end of the role will be directed toward the left side > possible to have atelectasis (rightt lung) and hyperaeration (left lung)

_____- can obstruct gas flow of gasses and interfere with acceptable ventilatory support

gastric feeding tube stimulates obstruction or ileus of the GI tract

perforation of a viscus

______-nice above the gastroesophageal junction or holes in the catheter may bridge the junction feeding may stimulate_________

complications of vascular -assess catheterization: 1. 2. 3.

all the longer the lengths of the Catheter that lies in a vessel and the longer remains in place, the higher the probability of ________ ______

malpositioned catheter are best demonstrated by the

extend out into the right and left portal veins of the river

course of the catheter is over the spine or into the left paraspinal location - ________& ______

focal zones of hepatic parenchymal necrosis