radiographic evaluation

59問 • 2年前

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provides information that may direct the choice of subsequent diagnostic procedures or therapeutic management of the patient

ill infants and children often a reliant on __&____

multiple life support and monitoring system

a systematic evaluation of the radiographic image includes attention to the technical factors of___,___&____

position, phase of respiration and beam projection

routine or departmental chest radiograph almost always are obtained with the patient____, either _____ or ____

upright either standing or sitting

the radiographic beam travels through the patient horizontally usually________

posterior to anterior

a ____, which often seen in the stomach or bowel of the upper abdomen will help to show the patient's position

air fluid level

almost always are taken with the patient______ or ____ and the beam direction vertical, does the radiographic beam travels in an_______

recumbent or supine anterior to posterior direction

it is an indicator of respiratory effort and reflects the ability of the patients to ventilate

diaphragmatic position

in diaphragmatic position for most infant and children are reasonable inspiratory effort will place the _____ ___ at the level of the ___ ___ ___

diaphragmatic apex at the level of six anterior ribs

_____or slightly angled x-ray tube will direct the radiographic beam upward

lordotic patient position

in lordotic patient position counting___ ribs therefore will introduce less of the projection error than counting___ ribs

anterior ribs posterior ribs

it is achieved when the patient position is placed on the right or left side

lateral decubitus position

with the patient in this _____ ____ ____, the radiographic beam may be vertical or horizontal

recumbent lateral position

___ beam generally provides information such as the presence of free pleural fluid and free pleural air

horizontal beam

____-____ ____ ____ shows the heart size, the mediastinum and the hilar structures well

vertical- beam lateral radiograph

all rises to the highest point of the chest and distinction between a___________ and anterior collected_______ is not possible in this projection, which is why the supine cross-table view is not often used

pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax

formally known as hyaline membrane disease

respiratory distress syndrome

respiratory distress syndrome remains a significant problem for premature infant born at fewer than ____ weeks gestation

28 weeks

one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in newborn is

transient tachypnea of the newborn

pre tern newborn are unable to produce____ of adequate quality and quantity due to pulmonary immaturity which is the primary etiology of rds

surfactant

there is early obliteration or loss of edge of the bronchi and intrapulmonary vessels from the adjacent acinar atelectasis

under aeration

under aeration there is a small nodular densities can be seen upon a background of____

hazy interstitial infiltrate

inflammatory disease are pulmonary fluid overload to produce lungs that are hyperaerated

over aeration

______ ____ _ __ ___ delayed clearing of: - normal alveolar fluid - aspiration syndrome (aspiration of meconium) - aspiration pneumonia - infectious pneumonia will all produced hyper aeration

transient tachypnea of the newborn

ribs are ____ ___, the heart is ___ and ___ and the apex of the diaphragm is ____ _ __ ___ _ on a frontal view of the chest

spread apart thin and elongated below the 6th anterior ribs

although spontaneous pneumothorax can and does occur, ____ ___ with ___ __ ____ is most often associated with RDS

lung rupture with pleural air collection

the hemidiaphragm may ___ in the ____ ___, the mediastinum may shift into the ______ side from the pressure effect of the volume and the ribs- interspaces may be ______( larger on the involve side and smaller on the normal side)

drop in the affected side contralateral side asymmetric

RDS if untreated it progressively worse than over the first _____ hours of life . leading to _________ and in some cases_________

48 hours of life respiratory failure multiple organ failure

on physical examination of RDS, auscultated breath are _____ and infants appear pale with _____ ______ ____

decreased diminished peripheral pulses

RDS urine output often is ____ in the first ___-___ hours and _______ ___& is common.

low in the first 24-48 hours peripheral edema

treatment of rds with ________ ________ changed the expected history of RDS.

exogenous surfactant

within minutes of administration, exogenous surfactant dramatically improves : 1. 2. 3.

pulmonary function improves work of breathing and reduces hypoxemia

tubing positions: 1. 2. 3.

endotracheal tube gastric feeding tube vascular access lines

normal tubing position: thoracic inlet-__________ bifurcation of trachea-________ on the film that us too light -_______

level of 2nd thoracic vertebrae usually found superimposed over the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebral body intervertebral space can identify the left and right main bronchi

tip of et tube can be seen between __-___ levels

T2-T5 levels

advances the et tube farther down towards the carina

flexion of the neck

withdraws the tube upward

extension of the neck

most et tube for infants have _____ ____ ____ at the tip of the tube

opaque marker stripe

_________ must pass through the gastroesophangeal junction, which can be seen at the level of the ___-___ vertebral body

nasogastric and orogastric feeding tubes T9-T10 vertebra body

___ ___ are superimposed very the air filled body of the stomach and directly laterally towards the greater curvature of the gastric wall- proper position

tube tips

_______ no opaque stripes in their wall

Silastic gastric tubes

_____________ shows the position of the tube

injection of small amount of air in the tube

______ shows it's course and located the tip

small amount of barium or isotonic contrast

do not have a radiopaque stripe in the wall> entering from a left jugular system or subclavian venous system is best place when the tip is in the ___________ __, proximal to the original of the SVC

Central vascular access catheter brachiocephalic veins

entering from the right jugular system or right subclavian vein should have the tip in the proximal SVC

vascular access catheter

lies just to the right of the spine and the tip is within the arc of the ______ ___&&

umbilical vein catheter right atrium

tip is best placed just above the aortic bifurcation at the ___ level

umbilical artery catheter L3 level

________- hyperaeration with subsequent atelectasis of the contralateral lung

tube tip is entirely within the main bronchua

end of the role will be directed toward the left side > possible to have atelectasis (rightt lung) and hyperaeration (left lung)

long arm of the bevel hooks at the right main bronchus

_____- can obstruct gas flow of gasses and interfere with acceptable ventilatory support

tube entering the trachea at a sharp angle

gastric feeding tube stimulates obstruction or ileus of the GI tract

gastric tube extend down too far

perforation of a viscus

abnormal course of a tube within the chest or upper abdomen

______-nice above the gastroesophageal junction or holes in the catheter may bridge the junction feeding may stimulate_________

nasogastric and orogastric feeding tube gastroesophangeal reflux

complications of vascular -assess catheterization: 1. 2. 3.

1. thrombosis 2. malposition and 3. extravasation

all the longer the lengths of the Catheter that lies in a vessel and the longer remains in place, the higher the probability of ________ ______

perocatheter thrombosis

malpositioned catheter are best demonstrated by the

2 right- angle radiograph

extend out into the right and left portal veins of the river

umbilical venous catheter

course of the catheter is over the spine or into the left paraspinal location - ________& ______

liver enlargement and cardiac output

focal zones of hepatic parenchymal necrosis

injection of hyperosmolar fluids

community-acquired acute pneumonia

Monica Ramos · 21問 · 3年前

community-acquired acute pneumonia