pre and post quiz

71問 • 2年前

問題一覧

What is the most common symptom of the patient with interstitial lung disease? a. Cough b. Fatigue c. Chest pain d. Exertional dyspnea e. Fever

Which of the fol owing risk factors is the primary cause of lung cancer a. Tobacco consumption b. Chronic alcohol intake c. Ionizing radiation d. Occupational exposures e. Second hand smoke

This type of lung cancer is usual y seen in never smokers or former light smoker (<10 PY), women and younger adults (<60 yo) a. Adenocarcinoma b. Squamous cell carcinoma c. Large cell carcinoma d. Small cell lung cancer e. Mesothelioma

These types of lung CA are most commonly associated with heavy tobaco use a. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma b. Large cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer c. Adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma d. Large cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma e. Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma

What is the most common sign/symptoms of lung cancer a. Weight loss b. Dyspnea c. Hemoptysis d. Cough e. Fever

This test is required to confirm a diagnosis in al patients with suspected lung cancer a. Chest Xray b. Chest CT scan c. Tissue sampling d. sputum cytology e. Chest ultrasound

Which of the fol owing interventions have been demonstrated to influence the natural history of COPD a. Inhaled corticosteroids b. Long acting beta2 agonist c. Antimuscarinic antagonist d. Smoking cessation e. Avoidance of pollution

Al of the fol owing pneumoconioses from exposure to inorganic dusts causes lung fibrosis, except: A. Byssinosis B. Asbestosis C. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis D. Silicosis E. None of the above

This test is more sensitive for the detection of pleural thickening for patients with history of asbestos exposure A. Chest Xray B. High resolution CT scan scan C. Chest ultrasound D. MRI of the chest E. Lung biopsy

Al of the fol owing are specific work practices that should be asked during patient's history and oc upational or environmental exposure in patients considering with pneumoconiosis, except A. Smoking history B. Chemical odors C. Presence of visible dusts D. Size and ventilation of workspaces E. Whether co-workers have similar complaints

Which of the fol owing organic dust is the culprit of patients with oc upational lung disease cal ed Byssinosis? A. Coal dust B. Grain dust C. Cobalt D. Beryllium E. Cotton dust

Which type of pneumoconiosis is a risk factor for developing mesothelioma? A. Asbestosis B. Byssinosis C. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis D. Silicosis E. Berylliosis

Which of the fol owing hypersensitivity pneumonitis is associated with exposure to bacterial or fungal antigens such as grain, moldy hay or silage? A. Bagassosis B. Miller's lung C. Farmer's lung D. Poultry worker's lung E. Furrier's lung

What is the pathophysiology of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis? A. Proliferation of bone-marrow derived fibrocytes inducing lung inflammation and fibrosis B. Immune mediated response of small inhaled antigens in distal airways and alveoli C. Exposure to cigarette smoke inducing proliferation of inflammatory mediators in the alveoli D. Genetic mutation leading to hypersensitivity reaction in smaller airways and alveoli E. Respiratory infection causing inflammatory response in alveoli

What are the 2 major risk factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea? a. Menopausal women and obesity b. Obesity and positive family history of OSA c. Mandibular retrognathia and Adenotonsillar hypertrophy d. Male sex and Obesity e. Genetic syndromes (Down’s syndrome) and endocrine syndrome (hypothyroidism)

All of the following factors must be evaluated to check on the asthma control of a patient, except: a. Hospital admissions b. Need for reliever/rescue treatment c. Limitations of activities d. Daytime and nocturnal symptoms e. None of the above

10. What is the indication of a need for regular control er therapy in asthma? a. Use of a reliever medication once a week b. Use of a reliever medication >2 x a week c. Use of a reliever medication >3 x a week d. of a reliever medication once a month e. Use of a reliever medication >2 x a month

Measurement of change in what pulmonary function test before and after a working shift is used to detect an acute Broncho constrictive response in pneumoconiosis? A. FVC B. TLC C. FEV1 D. FEV1/FVC ratio E. VC

Which of the fol owing pneumoconioses is associated with greater risk of acquiring Pulmonary Tuberculosis because it causes alveolar macrophage dysfunction? A. Asbestosis B. Byssinosis C. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis D. Silicosis E. Berylliosis

Which of the fol owing inhaled agents absorbed in the lining fluid of the upper and proximal airways and produce ir itative and bronchoconstriction? A. Nitrogen dioxide B. Sulfur dioxide C. Ammonia D. A and B E. B and C

Which of the fol owing conditions is an important cause of acute cardiorespiratory failure among firefighters and fire victims due to inhalation of toxic agents such as carbon monoxide, cyanide and hydrochloric acid? A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis B. Metal fume fever C. Smoke inhalation D. Polymer fume fever E. Byssinosis

Al of the fol owing association of the dif erent pneumoconiosis with its oc upational exposures and associated respiratory conditions are true, except: A. Byssinosis - Asthma-like syndrome B. Cobalt exposure - Giant Cell Interstitial Pneumonitis C. Asbestosis - Lung cancer D. Berylliosis - processing alloys for high-tech industries E. Silicosis – Mesothelioma

Which of the fol owing pneumoconiosis may show profuse miliary infiltration or consolidation on chest radiograph and a characteristic HRCT pat ern known as "crazy paving" as seen in the picture? A. Silicosis B. Berylliosis C. Asbestosis D. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis E. Byssinosis

Al of the fol owing statements are true regarding hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) except: A. There is an unexplained increased risk of developing HP among smokers. B. HP is due to inhalational exposure to a variety of antigens leading to inflammatory response to alveoli and small airways. C. Fever and fatigue can accompany respiratory symptoms. D. HP is also called Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. E. Sensitization to an inhaled antigen is manifested as specific circulating IgG antibodies.

Which of the fol owing oc upational lung disease is commonly associated with chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that is similar to sarcoidosis? A. Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis B. Chronic Beryllium Disease C. Byssinosis D. Complicated Silicosis E. Asbestosis

What is the mainstay of treatment in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis? A. Lung transplantation B. Smoking cessation C. Antigen Avoidance D. Glucocorticoid therapy E. All of the above

What are the 2 most common antigenic bacterial and fungal causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? A. Staphylococcus and Candida B. Mycobacteria and Botrytis C. Actinomycetes and Aspergillus D. Bacillus and Penicillium E. Clostridium and Sitophilus

A 30 year old obese patient presents with Hypertension. His roommate says he snores and chokes during his sleep. During the day, the patient would complain of headache and excessive daytime sleepiness. The best ventilator management for this patient is: A. CPAP B. BIPAP C. Assist control mechanical ventilation D. SIMV (Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) E. None. Patient does not need ventilatory support

This is a recommended therapy for ARDS based on strong clinical evidence from RCTs A. Early neuromuscular blockade B. Glucocorticoid treatment C. Low tidal volume D. Prone position

In the initial management of ARDS, which of the fol owing parameters meets the recommended goals and limits for ventilation and oxygenation A. FiO2 ≤ 0.6 B. Plateau pressure ≤ 50 cmH2O C. RR ≤ 40 bpm D. Tidal volume ≤ 8ml/kg PBW

True of phases of ARDS A. Edema fluid that is rich in protein accumulates in the interstitial and alveolar spaces during the proliferative phase. B. In the fibrotic phase, alveolar capillary endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes are injured, with consequent loss of the normally tight alveolar barrier to fluid and macromolecules. C. Most patients recover rapidly and are liberated from mechanical ventilation during the proliferative phase. D. The physiologic consequences of exudative phase include an increased risk of pneumothorax, reductions in lung compliance, and increased pulmonary dead space

The fol owing statements are true regarding mortality of ARDS A. Patients with ARDS arising from direct and indirect causes of lung injury have similar mortality rate. B. Surgical and trauma patients with ARDS—especially those without direct lung injury— generally have a lower survival rate than other ARDS patients. C. The major risk factors for ARDS mortality are non- pulmonary.. D. There is great additional value in predicting ARDS mortality from other parameters of lung injury, including the level of PEEP (≥10 cm H2O), respiratory system compliance (≤40 mL/cm H2O), the extent of alveolar infiltrates on chest radiography.

This is an example of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure A. Acute Respiratory distress syndrome B. Atelectasis C.Guillain Barre Syndrome D. Pneumothorax

TG came in at the ER MMC due to dif iculty of breathing. Based on your history, physical examination, he is in acute respiratory failure type I which results from increased resistive loads. What is causing the respiratory failure in our patient? A. Abdominal distention B. Bronchospasm C. Pleural effusion D. Pneumothorax

This is used to assess extubation potential in patients who have been ef ectively weaned and who require lit le ventilatory support A. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure B. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation C. Inverse Ratio Ventilation D. Pressure Support Ventilation

With this mode, the operator sets the number of mandatory breaths of fixed volume to be delivered by the ventilator; between those breaths, the patient can breathe spontaneously A. Assist-Control Ventilation B. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation C. Inverse Ratio Ventilation D. Pressure-Control Ventilation

This is the prefer ed mode of ventilation for patients in which it is desirable to regulate peak airway pressure such as those with pre-existing barotrauma and for post thoracic surgery patients A. Assist Control Ventilation B. Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation C. Pressure Control Ventilation D. Pressure Support Ventilation

Which of the fol owing is true regarding Type I respiratory failure? a. Alveolar hypoventilation b. Alveolar flooding as a consequence of pulmonary edema c. Inability to eliminate Carbon dioxide d. Hypoperfusion of respiratory muscles causing shock e. Airway collapse due to anesthesia use

Which of the fol owing conditions wil cause type II respiratory failure? a. Cardiogenic shock b. Pneumonia c. Brainstem injury d. Sepsis e. Lung Atelectasis post-surgery

It is also cal ed the perioperative respiratory failure causing lung atelectasis during the perioperative procedure a. Type I Respiratory Failure b. Type II Respiratory Failure c. Type III Respiratory Failure d. Type IV Respiratory Failure

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a example of a. Type I Respiratory Failure b. Type II Respiratory Failure c. Type III Respiratory Failure d. Type IV Respiratory Failure e. Type V Respiratory Failure

Myasthenia Gravis a. Type I Respiratory Failure b. Type II Respiratory Failure c. Type III Respiratory Failure d.Type IV Respiratory Failure e. None of the above

Sepsis causing ARDS a. Type I Respiratory Failure b. Type II Respiratory Failure c. Type III Respiratory Failure d. Type IV Respiratory Failure e. None of the above

Post-surgical Atelectasis a. Type I Respiratory Failure b. Type II Respiratory Failure c. Type III Respiratory Failure d. Type IV Respiratory Failure e. None of the above

This type of respiratory failure oc urs with alveolar flooding and subsequent intrapulmonary shunt physiology a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type IV e. Type V

Type IV respiratory failure is characterized by a. Hypoperfusion of respiratory muscles b. Increased load on the respiratory system c. Impaired CNS drive to breathe d. Impaired strength with failure of neuromuscular function in the respiratory system f.None of the above

Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia. At the PACU, the nurse relayed the vital signs as fol ows: B/P 110/60 mmHg, CR: 70, RR: 16, O2Sat: 86% and T: 37.1C. Desaturation is most probably due to the col apse of the dependent lung units resulting to type I respiratory failure. Decrease of this lung volume explains the above condition. a. Functional residual capacity b. Inspiratory capacity c. Total lung capacity d. Vital capacity e. Expiratory capacity Interstitial lung disease

Expected pulmonary function test result for patients with Restrictive Lung Disease A. Increased FRC B. Increased FEV1 C. Increased FVC D. Increased FEV1/FVC ratio E. Increased TLC

Al of the fol owing may cause dif use bronchiectasis, except A. Foreign body B. HIV infection C. Recurrent aspiration D. Cystic fibrosis E. Bacterial pneumon

What is the most common side ef ect of beta-2-agonist medication? A. Dry mouth B. Tremors C. Vomiting D. Diarrhea E. Chest pain

What is the most ef ective control ers of asthma? a. Inhaled corticosteroids b. Beta 2 agonist c. Anticholinergic muscarinic antagonist d. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor e. Oral glucocortic

Al of the fol owing factors must be evaluated to check on the asthma control of the patient except? a. Hospital admission b. Need for reliever/rescue treatment c. Limitation of activities d. Daytime and nocturnal symptoms e. None of the above

The global initiative against asthma (GINA) recommends addition of long acting beta agonist as control er medication for? A. Mild asthma B. Mild intermittent asthma C. Mild persistent asthma D. Moderate persistent asthma E. Severe acute attacks

A short acting beta 2 agonist in which its action is to relax the smooth muscle cel s of al airways? A. Salbutamol B. Ipratropium C. Budesonide D. Formeterol E. Omeclidinuim

. A 50 years old male 10 pack year smoker and hypertensive consulted consulted due to dyspnea. History reveal multiple episodic at acks of dyspnea and coughing over the past few years. He said that he has had siblings with similar coughing episodes as wel . He has verbalized that dyspnea and coughing would frequently ac ompany colds and an episode of flu would last a few weeks and would eventual y resolved only to return again after a few months. Initial y PE revealed symmetrical chest expansion, oc asional wheezes on both lung bases, no other remarkable findings, the most likely condition is: A. COPD -emphysema B. Bronchial asthma C. Congestive heart failure D. Atypical pneumonia E. COVID-19 infection

Which of the fol owing is/are used to diagnose Obstructive sleep apnea? A. Nocturnal breathing disturbances or daytime sleepiness or fatigue B. No symptoms but with apnea-hypopnea index > 15 episodes/h C. > 5 episodes of obstructive apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep D. All of the above E. A and C Only

Al of the fol owing are considered nocturnal breathing disturbances in OSA, except: A. Snoring B. Shortness of breath C. Snorting D. Gasping E. Breathing pauses during sleep

Which of the fol owing is the most common site of airway col apse in patients with OSA? A. Soft palate B. Tongue base C. Lateral pharyngeal walls D. Epiglottis E. Tonsils

A patient was diagnosed to have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. What is the hal mark spirometric finding for this disease? a. Decreased vital capacity b. Decreased functional residual capacity c. Decreased inspiratory reserve volume d. Decreased total lung capacity e. Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

Which of the fol owing induces fibrosis of lung interstitium from injured pneumocytes in patients with restrictive pulmonary disorder? a. Eosinophils b. TGF-B c. TH2 cells d. Mucus e. Alveolar cells

A 42-year old woman comes to the physician because of progressive shortness of breath during the past 6 months. She now has to rest three or four times when climbing one flight of stairs. She is a 30 pack year smoker. She has a chronic non- productive cough and has wheezing control ed with an albuterol inhaler two to three times weekly. Arterial blood gas analysis reveals pH 7.37 pCO2 48 pO2 62 O2 sat 92%. Her FEV1 is 75% of predicted and total lung capacity is 50% of predicted. Which of the fol owing is the most likely diagnosis? a. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease b. Congestive heart failure c. Asthma d. Restrictive lung disease e. Lung cancer

Which of the fol owing interstitial lung disease is strongly associated with smoking with dif use patchy centrilobular ground glass nodules seen in Chest CT scan? a. Systemic sclerosis associated ILD b. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis c. Sarcoidosis d. Non-specific interstitial pneumonia e. Respiratory bronchiolitis associated ILD

Which of the fol owing is true in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? a. Common among 20-40 yrs old b. More common in women c. With acute symptoms d. Usual interstitial pneumonia pattern is diagnostic in CT scan e. All of the above

Al of the fol owing drugs may cause Interstitial Lung Disease except? a. Methrotrexate b. Steroids c. Amiodarone d. Nitrofurantoin e. Bleomycin

What is the standard initial test in diagnosing ILD? A. Chest Xray B. High Resolution Chest CT scan C. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy D. Surgical Lung Biopsy E. VATS

What is the treatment of choice for Cryptogenic Organic Pneumonia? A. Antibiotic B. Bronchodilator C. Corticosteroid D. Surgery E. Lung transplantation

What test is used to screen and identify individuals who harbor asymptomatic disease with Lung Cancer? A. Chest Xray B. Spiral Chest CT scan C. Lung Biopsy D. Bronchoscopy E. Immunohistochemistry

What is the most prominent symptom of patients with peripheral growth of lung tumor compared to central or endobronchial tumor growth? A. Wheeze B. Stridor C. Pleural/Chest pain D. Cough E. Hemoptysis

What is the stage of lung cancer with distant metastasis? A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV E. Stage V

Which of the fol owing type of lung cancer wil not benefit from surgical resection? A. Small cell lung CA B. Adenocarcinoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Large cell lung CA E. Mesothelioma

This kind of treatment is given before surgery of lung tumor before an at empted surgical resection A. Adjuvant therapy B. Neoadjuvant therapy C. Subtotal lung surgery D. Prophylactic cranial irradiation E. Thoracic radiation therapy

community-acquired acute pneumonia

Monica Ramos · 21問 · 3年前

community-acquired acute pneumonia