hypoxemic respiratory failure

hypoxemic respiratory failure

hypoxemia a low pao2 and a normal or low paco2

alveolar hyperventilation

decrease pao2 increase P(A-a)O2 decrease po2/pAo2 ratio decrease pao2/fio2 ratio increase pulmonary shunt qs/qt

alveolar hypoventilation pulmonary shunting ventilation perfusion mismatch less common decrease in inspired oxygen pressure pio2

restrictive pulmonary disorder chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder neoplastic disease newborn and early childhood respiratory disorders others

1.Restrictive pulmonary disorder -pneumonia -lung abscess -pulmonary edema -interstitial lung disease -ards -alveolar atelectasis 2 chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder -emphysema -chronic bronchitis -asthma -cystic fibrosis 3 neoplastic disease -cancer of the lung 4 newborn and early childhood respiratory disorder -meconium aspiration syndrome -TTNB -RDS -pulmonary air leak syndromes -respiratory syncytial virus infection -congenital diaphragmatic hernia -bronco pulmonary dysplasia -croup syndrome 5 others -near drowning -smoke inhalation and thermal injuries

alveolar hypoventilation

information

cns depressant head trauma copd sleep apnea obesity neuromuscular disorder

hypoxia hypercapnia respiratory acidosis and in severe cases pulmonary hypertension with corpulmonale

ventilatory support

pulmonary chanting

absolute shunt or the true shunt and relative shunt or shunt like effect

venus admixture and a decrease pao2 level

anatomic shunt and capillary shunt or

anatomic shunts

3%

the pulmonary vascular system by means of bronchial venous drainage and the left atrium by way of t hebesian veins

congenital heart disease intrapulmonary fistula vascular lung tumors

alveolar collapse or atelectasis alveolar fluid accumulation alveolar consolidation or pneumonia

absolute or true shunts

anatomic shunt

capillary shunt

refractory

relative shunt or a shunt like effect

airway obstruction alveolar capillary diffusion defect or a combination of both

airway obstruction

emphysema chronic bronchitis asthma and cystic fibrosis

alveoolar capillary diffusion defect

interstitial pulmonary edema and interstitial lung disease