暗記メーカー

暗記メーカー

​

ppv

ppv
37問 • 2年前
  • Monica Ramos
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Uses positive pressure to bring air into the lungs Can be used for both invasive and non invasive ventilation

    positive pressure ventilation

  • 2

    PPV has 3 types:

    Volume type Pressure Type Pressure and Volume (Advance modes)

  • 3

    Airway pressures such as: ____,____,____= __,___,___/____ have direct impact on: a. b c indirectly on ______

    PAP, Pplat, mPaw = Vt, PFR, Raw/ Compliance a. intrathoracic pressure b. blood flow c. blood pressure major organs

  • 4

    Lungs with normal compliance - __________________ is transmitted to the thoracic cavity. Lungs with low compliance - pressure transmitted to the thoracic cavity is much less due to dampening effect of ______. - for this reason the decrease in cardiac due to excessive_____or _______ is less severe.

    50% of airway pressure nonelastic tissues. PIP or PEEP

  • 5

    Mean Airway Pressure and Cardiac Output 1. PIP, I Time, RR, PEEP – shld be kept at minimum to keep mPaw at lowest possible level 2. Decrease in Cardiac Output and delivery O2 content x ↓ CO = ↓ O2 delivery 3. Blood Pressure Changes

    cardiovascular consideration

  • 6

    in CARDIOVASCULAR CONSIDERATION Mean Airway Pressure and Cardiac Output 1. ___,__,___,___ – shld be kept at minimum to keep mPaw at lowest possible level 2. Decrease in Cardiac Output and delivery O2 content x ↓ CO =______ 3. Blood Pressure Changes

    1. PIP, I Time, RR, PEEP 2. ↓ O2 delivery

  • 7

    Diagram of PPV leading to decrease in O2 Delivery

    1. ppv 2. increase intrathoracic pressure 3. compression of pulmonary artery and great vessel 4. reduction of stroke volume 5. reduction of cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow 6. high v/q mismatched 7. hypoxemia 8. decrease O2 content 9. decrease O2 delivery to the tissues

  • 8

    Blood Pressure Changes _____________ ↓ in systolic in asthma patient, cardiac tamponade_____ ___________________ ↑ in systolic ______ – hypovolemia note: ____+___ may further lower cardiac output/ compromise cardiovascular functions in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.

    Pulsus Paradoxus: Spont breathing > 10 mmHg Reverse Pulsus Paradoxus: Spont to PPV > 15 mmHg PPV + PEEP

  • 9

    Pulmonary Blood flow and Thoracic Pump mechanism PPV affects pulmonary blood flow entering and leaving the heart ________________: ↑ in lung volume results in ↓pulmonary venous return to the Left ventricle ________________: ↑ in lung volume results in ↑pulmonary venous return to the Left ventricle due to: 1. compression of pulmonary blood vessel is minimal 2. due to thoracic pump mechanism - blood flow is enhanced during expiratory phase of PPV.

    Hypotensive patients Hypertensive Patients

  • 10

    EFFECTS OF PPV ON HEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS

    1. increase intrathoracic pressure 2. decrease pulmonary blood volume and increase systemic blood volume 3. decrease venus return (Cvp) 4. decrease right ventricle stroke volume 5. decrease pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 6. decrease filling pressure ( ventricle) 7. decrease left ventricle stroke volume

  • 11

    Eliminating waste, clearance of certain drugs, regulating fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance Affected due to hypoperfusion Can lead to: 1. renal failure – urine output of < 400ml in 24 hours, ↑ BUN and Creatinine level

    renal consideration

  • 12

    renal consideration Eliminating waste, clearance of certain drugs, regulating fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance Affected due to hypoperfusion Can lead to: 1. _____ _____ – urine output of ____ in 24 hours, ↑ BUN and Creatinine level

    renal failure < 400ml

  • 13

    Perfusion accounts for 15% of total CO Can lead to liver dysfunction - prothrombin (coagulation) time > 4 sec - bilirubin level level > 50mg/L - albumin < 20g/L Affects rate of drug clearance – increased concentration and prolonged drug effect

    hepatic consideration

  • 14

    hepatic consideration Perfusion accounts for ___ of total CO Can lead to liver dysfunction - prothrombin (coagulation) time ____ - bilirubin level level ____ - albumin ____ Affects rate of drug clearance – increased concentration and prolonged drug effect

    15% > 4 sec > 50mg/L < 20g/L

  • 15

    ↑ Intraabdominal Pressure (IAP), due to: 1. bowel edema or obstruction 2. ascites 3. procedures such as: a. pneumatic anti shock garments b. surgical repair of abdominal hernia

    abdominal consideration

  • 16

    abdominal consideration ↑ IAP (_______) + PPV + PEEP (_____) can cause: 1. potentiation of pressures exerted on heart and blood vessels, leading to: a. cardiovascular dysfunction - ↓ CO b. renal dysfunction ↓ renal perfusion ↓Glomerular filtration rate c. pulmonary dysfunction decrease FRC increase atelectasis impaired gas exchange increase V/Q mismatch

    > 20 mmHg >15 mmHg

  • 17

    abdominal consideration c. Pulmonary dysfunction ___FRC ___atelectasis impaired gas exchange ___ V/Qmismatch

    decrease frc increase atelectasis increase v/q mismatched

  • 18

    Complications: Erosive esophagitis stress related mucosal damage (SRMD) diarrhea decreased bowel sound high gastric residual constipation

    gastrointestinal consideration

  • 19

    gastrointestinal consideration Complications are due to: 1. __ perfusion to GI tract 2. _______ used during MV

    1. ↓ 2. Medications

  • 20

    malnutrition - are due to: frequent interuptions in enteral feeding > protein catabolism > loss of muscle performance > difficulty of weaning due to muscle weakness

    nutritional consideration

  • 21

    nutritional consideration Diaphragmatic dysfunction - is due to: _____ > cause by muscle proteolysis - leads to ___ in muscle fiber content

    atrophy ↓

  • 22

    ______________ or ________ - a complete nutritional program provided to patients by any method other than intestinal route

    Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) or Hyperalimentation

  • 23

    nutrition and work od breathing hypertonic solution consisting of: 1 2 3 4 5

    Amino acids glucose vitamins electrolytes fat emulsion

  • 24

    nutrition and work of breathing should keep _____(___)to a minimum > ↑ O2 consumption and CO2 production

    dextrose (carbo)

  • 25

    nutrition and work of breathing _________ > provide maximum caloric intake with minimum CO2 production > less WOB > patients with significant or persistent CO2 production

    Fat based TPN

  • 26

    Neurologic Changes in Hyperventilation Decreased cerebral blood flow

    Resp Alkalosis (<24 Hours)

  • 27

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Reduced intracranial pressure

    Resp Alkalosis (<24 Hours)

  • 28

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Left shift of oxyhemoglobin curve

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 29

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Increased O2 affinity for hemoglobin

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 30

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Reduced O2 releases to tissues

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 31

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Cerebral tissue hypoxia

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 32

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Neurologic dysfunction

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 33

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation hypophosphatemia

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 34

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia Increased cerebral blood flow

    Hypercapnia ( with normal pH)

  • 35

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia increased intracranial pressure

    Hypercapnia ( with normal pH)

  • 36

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia Impaired cerebral metabolism

    Hypercapnia ( with low pH)

  • 37

    neurogenic changes in hypercapnia and hypoxemia Decreased mental and motor functions

    Hypoxemia

    • community-acquired acute pneumonia

    community-acquired acute pneumonia

    Monica Ramos · 21問 · 3年前

    community-acquired acute pneumonia

    community-acquired acute pneumonia

    21問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    a review on respiratory infection

    a review on respiratory infection

    Monica Ramos · 18問 · 3年前

    a review on respiratory infection

    a review on respiratory infection

    18問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    suctioning color

    suctioning color

    Monica Ramos · 11問 · 2年前

    suctioning color

    suctioning color

    11問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    gas oxygen color

    gas oxygen color

    Monica Ramos · 11問 · 1年前

    gas oxygen color

    gas oxygen color

    11問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    aerosol delivery devices

    aerosol delivery devices

    Monica Ramos · 42問 · 1年前

    aerosol delivery devices

    aerosol delivery devices

    42問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    lung sounds

    lung sounds

    Monica Ramos · 35問 · 1年前

    lung sounds

    lung sounds

    35問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    hypoxemic respiratory failure

    hypoxemic respiratory failure

    Monica Ramos · 32問 · 1年前

    hypoxemic respiratory failure

    hypoxemic respiratory failure

    32問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    respiratory failure

    respiratory failure

    Monica Ramos · 19問 · 1年前

    respiratory failure

    respiratory failure

    19問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    ARDS AND ARF

    ARDS AND ARF

    Monica Ramos · 33問 · 1年前

    ARDS AND ARF

    ARDS AND ARF

    33問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    percussion and vibration

    percussion and vibration

    Monica Ramos · 21問 · 1年前

    percussion and vibration

    percussion and vibration

    21問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    characteristics of MV

    characteristics of MV

    Monica Ramos · 17問 · 2年前

    characteristics of MV

    characteristics of MV

    17問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    How mechvent work

    How mechvent work

    Monica Ramos · 17問 · 2年前

    How mechvent work

    How mechvent work

    17問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    mechvent

    mechvent

    Monica Ramos · 21問 · 2年前

    mechvent

    mechvent

    21問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    vital signs

    vital signs

    Monica Ramos · 39問 · 2年前

    vital signs

    vital signs

    39問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    GCS

    GCS

    Monica Ramos · 30問 · 2年前

    GCS

    GCS

    30問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    bedside assessment

    bedside assessment

    Monica Ramos · 70問 · 2年前

    bedside assessment

    bedside assessment

    70問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    CCM

    CCM

    Monica Ramos · 77問 · 2年前

    CCM

    CCM

    77問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    radiographic evaluation

    radiographic evaluation

    Monica Ramos · 59問 · 2年前

    radiographic evaluation

    radiographic evaluation

    59問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    gross motor

    gross motor

    Monica Ramos · 10問 · 2年前

    gross motor

    gross motor

    10問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    fine motor

    fine motor

    Monica Ramos · 14問 · 2年前

    fine motor

    fine motor

    14問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    receptive language

    receptive language

    Monica Ramos · 11問 · 2年前

    receptive language

    receptive language

    11問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    expressive language

    expressive language

    Monica Ramos · 11問 · 2年前

    expressive language

    expressive language

    11問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    cognitive development

    cognitive development

    Monica Ramos · 9問 · 2年前

    cognitive development

    cognitive development

    9問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    personal development

    personal development

    Monica Ramos · 8問 · 2年前

    personal development

    personal development

    8問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    social development

    social development

    Monica Ramos · 10問 · 2年前

    social development

    social development

    10問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    growth and development

    growth and development

    Monica Ramos · 41問 · 2年前

    growth and development

    growth and development

    41問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    fetal growth and development

    fetal growth and development

    Monica Ramos · 100問 · 2年前

    fetal growth and development

    fetal growth and development

    100問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    fetal growth and development 2

    fetal growth and development 2

    Monica Ramos · 14問 · 2年前

    fetal growth and development 2

    fetal growth and development 2

    14問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    biostatistics

    biostatistics

    Monica Ramos · 38問 · 3年前

    biostatistics

    biostatistics

    38問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    biostatistics 2

    biostatistics 2

    Monica Ramos · 45問 · 3年前

    biostatistics 2

    biostatistics 2

    45問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    biostatistics 3

    biostatistics 3

    Monica Ramos · 11問 · 3年前

    biostatistics 3

    biostatistics 3

    11問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    patient assessment

    patient assessment

    Monica Ramos · 36問 · 3年前

    patient assessment

    patient assessment

    36問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    ANAPHY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    ANAPHY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    Monica Ramos · 86問 · 3年前

    ANAPHY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    ANAPHY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

    86問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    cardiovascular examination

    cardiovascular examination

    Monica Ramos · 60問 · 3年前

    cardiovascular examination

    cardiovascular examination

    60問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    physical examination of cardio

    physical examination of cardio

    Monica Ramos · 45問 · 3年前

    physical examination of cardio

    physical examination of cardio

    45問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    respiratory assessment

    respiratory assessment

    Monica Ramos · 74問 · 3年前

    respiratory assessment

    respiratory assessment

    74問 • 3年前
    Monica Ramos

    action potential

    action potential

    Monica Ramos · 69問 · 2年前

    action potential

    action potential

    69問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    the membrane potential

    the membrane potential

    Monica Ramos · 5問 · 2年前

    the membrane potential

    the membrane potential

    5問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

    Monica Ramos · 42問 · 2年前

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

    42問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 2

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 2

    Monica Ramos · 76問 · 2年前

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 2

    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 2

    76問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    cranial nerve

    cranial nerve

    Monica Ramos · 42問 · 2年前

    cranial nerve

    cranial nerve

    42問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    pns/cns

    pns/cns

    Monica Ramos · 99問 · 2年前

    pns/cns

    pns/cns

    99問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    communication between neurons

    communication between neurons

    Monica Ramos · 45問 · 2年前

    communication between neurons

    communication between neurons

    45問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    communication between neuron 2

    communication between neuron 2

    Monica Ramos · 25問 · 2年前

    communication between neuron 2

    communication between neuron 2

    25問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    data presentation

    data presentation

    Monica Ramos · 7問 · 2年前

    data presentation

    data presentation

    7問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    estimation

    estimation

    Monica Ramos · 5問 · 2年前

    estimation

    estimation

    5問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    counting

    counting

    Monica Ramos · 10問 · 2年前

    counting

    counting

    10問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    normal distribution

    normal distribution

    Monica Ramos · 5問 · 2年前

    normal distribution

    normal distribution

    5問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    hypothesis testing

    hypothesis testing

    Monica Ramos · 15問 · 2年前

    hypothesis testing

    hypothesis testing

    15問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    ventilation and Gas exchange

    ventilation and Gas exchange

    Monica Ramos · 58問 · 2年前

    ventilation and Gas exchange

    ventilation and Gas exchange

    58問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    physiology of Respiration

    physiology of Respiration

    Monica Ramos · 40問 · 2年前

    physiology of Respiration

    physiology of Respiration

    40問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

    cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

    Monica Ramos · 100問 · 2年前

    cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

    cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

    100問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    covid 19 pneumonia

    covid 19 pneumonia

    Monica Ramos · 29問 · 2年前

    covid 19 pneumonia

    covid 19 pneumonia

    29問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    pft

    pft

    Monica Ramos · 33問 · 2年前

    pft

    pft

    33問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    long volume and ventilation tests

    long volume and ventilation tests

    Monica Ramos · 12問 · 2年前

    long volume and ventilation tests

    long volume and ventilation tests

    12問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    diffusing capacity test

    diffusing capacity test

    Monica Ramos · 5問 · 2年前

    diffusing capacity test

    diffusing capacity test

    5問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    assessment of hypoxemia and hypoxia and the effect of oxygen therapy

    assessment of hypoxemia and hypoxia and the effect of oxygen therapy

    Monica Ramos · 22問 · 2年前

    assessment of hypoxemia and hypoxia and the effect of oxygen therapy

    assessment of hypoxemia and hypoxia and the effect of oxygen therapy

    22問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    pre and post quiz

    pre and post quiz

    Monica Ramos · 71問 · 2年前

    pre and post quiz

    pre and post quiz

    71問 • 2年前
    Monica Ramos

    quiz bee

    quiz bee

    Monica Ramos · 33問 · 1年前

    quiz bee

    quiz bee

    33問 • 1年前
    Monica Ramos

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Uses positive pressure to bring air into the lungs Can be used for both invasive and non invasive ventilation

    positive pressure ventilation

  • 2

    PPV has 3 types:

    Volume type Pressure Type Pressure and Volume (Advance modes)

  • 3

    Airway pressures such as: ____,____,____= __,___,___/____ have direct impact on: a. b c indirectly on ______

    PAP, Pplat, mPaw = Vt, PFR, Raw/ Compliance a. intrathoracic pressure b. blood flow c. blood pressure major organs

  • 4

    Lungs with normal compliance - __________________ is transmitted to the thoracic cavity. Lungs with low compliance - pressure transmitted to the thoracic cavity is much less due to dampening effect of ______. - for this reason the decrease in cardiac due to excessive_____or _______ is less severe.

    50% of airway pressure nonelastic tissues. PIP or PEEP

  • 5

    Mean Airway Pressure and Cardiac Output 1. PIP, I Time, RR, PEEP – shld be kept at minimum to keep mPaw at lowest possible level 2. Decrease in Cardiac Output and delivery O2 content x ↓ CO = ↓ O2 delivery 3. Blood Pressure Changes

    cardiovascular consideration

  • 6

    in CARDIOVASCULAR CONSIDERATION Mean Airway Pressure and Cardiac Output 1. ___,__,___,___ – shld be kept at minimum to keep mPaw at lowest possible level 2. Decrease in Cardiac Output and delivery O2 content x ↓ CO =______ 3. Blood Pressure Changes

    1. PIP, I Time, RR, PEEP 2. ↓ O2 delivery

  • 7

    Diagram of PPV leading to decrease in O2 Delivery

    1. ppv 2. increase intrathoracic pressure 3. compression of pulmonary artery and great vessel 4. reduction of stroke volume 5. reduction of cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow 6. high v/q mismatched 7. hypoxemia 8. decrease O2 content 9. decrease O2 delivery to the tissues

  • 8

    Blood Pressure Changes _____________ ↓ in systolic in asthma patient, cardiac tamponade_____ ___________________ ↑ in systolic ______ – hypovolemia note: ____+___ may further lower cardiac output/ compromise cardiovascular functions in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.

    Pulsus Paradoxus: Spont breathing > 10 mmHg Reverse Pulsus Paradoxus: Spont to PPV > 15 mmHg PPV + PEEP

  • 9

    Pulmonary Blood flow and Thoracic Pump mechanism PPV affects pulmonary blood flow entering and leaving the heart ________________: ↑ in lung volume results in ↓pulmonary venous return to the Left ventricle ________________: ↑ in lung volume results in ↑pulmonary venous return to the Left ventricle due to: 1. compression of pulmonary blood vessel is minimal 2. due to thoracic pump mechanism - blood flow is enhanced during expiratory phase of PPV.

    Hypotensive patients Hypertensive Patients

  • 10

    EFFECTS OF PPV ON HEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS

    1. increase intrathoracic pressure 2. decrease pulmonary blood volume and increase systemic blood volume 3. decrease venus return (Cvp) 4. decrease right ventricle stroke volume 5. decrease pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 6. decrease filling pressure ( ventricle) 7. decrease left ventricle stroke volume

  • 11

    Eliminating waste, clearance of certain drugs, regulating fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance Affected due to hypoperfusion Can lead to: 1. renal failure – urine output of < 400ml in 24 hours, ↑ BUN and Creatinine level

    renal consideration

  • 12

    renal consideration Eliminating waste, clearance of certain drugs, regulating fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance Affected due to hypoperfusion Can lead to: 1. _____ _____ – urine output of ____ in 24 hours, ↑ BUN and Creatinine level

    renal failure < 400ml

  • 13

    Perfusion accounts for 15% of total CO Can lead to liver dysfunction - prothrombin (coagulation) time > 4 sec - bilirubin level level > 50mg/L - albumin < 20g/L Affects rate of drug clearance – increased concentration and prolonged drug effect

    hepatic consideration

  • 14

    hepatic consideration Perfusion accounts for ___ of total CO Can lead to liver dysfunction - prothrombin (coagulation) time ____ - bilirubin level level ____ - albumin ____ Affects rate of drug clearance – increased concentration and prolonged drug effect

    15% > 4 sec > 50mg/L < 20g/L

  • 15

    ↑ Intraabdominal Pressure (IAP), due to: 1. bowel edema or obstruction 2. ascites 3. procedures such as: a. pneumatic anti shock garments b. surgical repair of abdominal hernia

    abdominal consideration

  • 16

    abdominal consideration ↑ IAP (_______) + PPV + PEEP (_____) can cause: 1. potentiation of pressures exerted on heart and blood vessels, leading to: a. cardiovascular dysfunction - ↓ CO b. renal dysfunction ↓ renal perfusion ↓Glomerular filtration rate c. pulmonary dysfunction decrease FRC increase atelectasis impaired gas exchange increase V/Q mismatch

    > 20 mmHg >15 mmHg

  • 17

    abdominal consideration c. Pulmonary dysfunction ___FRC ___atelectasis impaired gas exchange ___ V/Qmismatch

    decrease frc increase atelectasis increase v/q mismatched

  • 18

    Complications: Erosive esophagitis stress related mucosal damage (SRMD) diarrhea decreased bowel sound high gastric residual constipation

    gastrointestinal consideration

  • 19

    gastrointestinal consideration Complications are due to: 1. __ perfusion to GI tract 2. _______ used during MV

    1. ↓ 2. Medications

  • 20

    malnutrition - are due to: frequent interuptions in enteral feeding > protein catabolism > loss of muscle performance > difficulty of weaning due to muscle weakness

    nutritional consideration

  • 21

    nutritional consideration Diaphragmatic dysfunction - is due to: _____ > cause by muscle proteolysis - leads to ___ in muscle fiber content

    atrophy ↓

  • 22

    ______________ or ________ - a complete nutritional program provided to patients by any method other than intestinal route

    Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) or Hyperalimentation

  • 23

    nutrition and work od breathing hypertonic solution consisting of: 1 2 3 4 5

    Amino acids glucose vitamins electrolytes fat emulsion

  • 24

    nutrition and work of breathing should keep _____(___)to a minimum > ↑ O2 consumption and CO2 production

    dextrose (carbo)

  • 25

    nutrition and work of breathing _________ > provide maximum caloric intake with minimum CO2 production > less WOB > patients with significant or persistent CO2 production

    Fat based TPN

  • 26

    Neurologic Changes in Hyperventilation Decreased cerebral blood flow

    Resp Alkalosis (<24 Hours)

  • 27

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Reduced intracranial pressure

    Resp Alkalosis (<24 Hours)

  • 28

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Left shift of oxyhemoglobin curve

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 29

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Increased O2 affinity for hemoglobin

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 30

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Reduced O2 releases to tissues

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 31

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Cerebral tissue hypoxia

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 32

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation Neurologic dysfunction

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 33

    neurologic changes in hyperventilation hypophosphatemia

    Resp Alkalosis ( > 24 Hours)

  • 34

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia Increased cerebral blood flow

    Hypercapnia ( with normal pH)

  • 35

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia increased intracranial pressure

    Hypercapnia ( with normal pH)

  • 36

    Neurologic Changes in Hypercapnia and hypoxemia Impaired cerebral metabolism

    Hypercapnia ( with low pH)

  • 37

    neurogenic changes in hypercapnia and hypoxemia Decreased mental and motor functions

    Hypoxemia