ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 2

通報

問題一覧

graphical representation of the heart electrical activity

electrocardiogram paper

gragh paper made up of small and large boxes measured in mm

electrocardiogram paper

the smallest are ____ mm wide and __ mm high

1&1

records at a constant speed of____

25 mm/sec

each horizontal unit represent

0.04 s (25mm/sec × 0.04 sec = 1mm

first waveform in the cardiac cycle

p wave

normal p wave is not more than

2.5 mm high and 3 mm long

what is the normal duration of a wave

less than 0.12 s

activation of the SA node before the onset of the

P Wave

_______ of the p waves recorded from the electrical impulse that originated in the SA node stimulate the right atrium

first half

_____of the p wave represent completion of atrial activation and the start of activation of the left atrium

middle portion

_____ of the p-wave reflect completion of the left atrial activation

downslope

a wave that is normally larger than the p-wave

QRS WAVE

qrs wave must not wider than

3 mm (0.75-0.11 s)

represent the spread of the electrical impulse through the ventricle

ventricular repolarization

rapid movement of the impulse through the ventricles by the bundle of branches and purkinje fibers

qrs complex

repolarization of both ventricles

t wave

rounded up right (positive) wave following q r s

t wave

still present during the beginning of the t wave

absolute refractory period

at the peak of the t wave the _____ has begun

relative refractory period

p wave represents the

atrial depolarization

qrs wave represent

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

t wave represents

ventricular repolarization

small rounded, upright wave following t wave

U wave

represent late repolarization of the purkinje fiber

u wave

most easily seen with a slow heart rate but not in the fast heart rate

u wave

a line between waveforms

segments

named by the waveform that precedes or follows it

segment

horizontal line between the end of the p wave and the beginning of the qrs complex

pr segment

isoelectric and represent this of the electrical impulse from the av node, through the Av bundle, right and left until branches and the purkinje fiber to activate ventricular muscle

pr segment

ends when enough ventricular myocardium has been activated

pr segment

between the end of the t wave and the beginning of the next p wave

tp segment

tp segment is isoelectronic and use as a reference frame from which to estimate the position of the isoelectric line and determine st-segment displacement

normal heart rate

tp segment is often unrecognizable

rapid heart rate

between the qrs complex and the t wave

st segment

represent the early part of the repolarization of the right and left ventricle

st segment

point where the qrs complex and st-segment meet

st junction or the j point

made up of a waveform and a segment

intervals

p wave plus the pr segment

pr interval

reflects total supraventricular activity

pr interval

p wave to the beginning of the qrs complex

pr interval

pr interval_____ second in adults

0.12-0.20

pr interval is considered short if it is

less than 0.12 second

pr interval is considered long if it is

more than 0.20 s

from the beginning of the qrs complex to the end of the t wave

qt interval

represent total ventricular activity

qt interval

usually longest in chest leads v2 or v3

qt interval

the absence of q wave, the qt interval is measured from the beginning of the r wave to the end of the t wave

qt interval

the duration of the qt interval varies in accordance with

age gender, and heart rate

qt interval is short when

0.39 s or less

qt interval is prolonged when

0.49 s or longer in women or 0.45 s or longer in men

qt interval that is more than 0.50 s in either gender has been correlated with a higher risk for

ventricular dysrhythmias

used to determine the rate and regularity of cardiac rhythm

rr and pp intervals

devil with regularity of the ventricular ism the interval between two consecutive R wave is measured and compared

rr interval

to evaluate the regularity of the atrial video them the same procedure is used but the interval between two consecutive p wave is measured and compared with succeeding pp intervals

pp interval

distortion of an ecg tracing

artifacts

mimic far is cardiac dysrhythmias including ventricular vibration it is essential to evaluate the patient before initiating the medical intervention

artifacts

loose electrodes broken ecg cable broken lead wires external chest compression and 60 cycle interference

external artifacts

patient movements shivering muscle tremors for hiccups

internal artifacts

waveforms and the ez2 street are evaluated for regularity of by measuring the distance between the period and qrs complexes

assess regularity

measure the distance between two consecutive rr intervals

ventricular regularity

measures the distance between two consecutive pp interval and compare the distance to the other pp interval

atrial regularity

5 large boxes=

1 second

15 large boxes =

3 seconds

30 large boxes=

6 second

count the number of the complete qrs complexes within a period of 6 second and multiply that number by 10 to find the number of complexes in one minute

six-second method

simplest quickest and most used method of weight measurement what it is also the most inaccurate

6-second method

count the number of large boxes between an rr interval and divided into 300

ventricular rate(large boxes) rule of 300

count the number of large boxes between the pp interval and divided into 300

atrial rate(large boxes) rule of 300

best used if the rhythm is regular, however it may be used if the rhythm is irregular and a Rate range (slowest (longest R-R interval) and fastest (shortest R-R interval) rate) is given

large boxes (rule of 300)

count the number of small boxes between the rr interval and divided into 1500

small boxes ( rule of 1,500)

1,500 boxes represent 1 minute

60 sec/min divided by 0.04 sec/box= 1500 boxes/min

it is time consuming but accurate

small boxes (the rule of 1500)

the beginning of the qrs is measured from the point where the first wave of the complex speaking to deviate from the baseline

qrs duration

the point at which the last wave of the complex begin to level out at above or below the baseline marks the end of the qrs complex

qrs duration

it is used as a baseline from which to evaluate the degree of displacement of the st-segment from the isoelectric line

tp segment

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