pns/cns

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gray matter of the spinal cord containing multipolar motor neuron sometimes referred to as the ventral horn

anterior horn

deep midline feature of the anterior spinal cord marking the separation between the right and left sides of the cord

anterior median fissure

systemic nerve of the arm that arises from the brachial plexus

axillary nerve

nuclei of the cerebrum related to modulation of sensory stimuli and attention to growth projection to the cerebral cortex loss of which is related to alzheimer's disease

basal forebrain

nuclei of the cerebrum that are responsible for assessing cortical movement commands and comparing them with the general state of individual who wrote modulatory activity of dopamine neuron , largely related to motor function as evidenced through the symptoms of parkinson's and huntington's disease

basal nuclei

developmental region of spinal cords that give rise to the lateral and anterior horn of the gray matter

basal plate

nerve plexus associated with the lower of cervical spinal nerve and first classic a spinal nerve

brachial plexus

region of the frontal lobe associated with the motor command necessary for speech production and located only in the cerebral hemisphere responsible for language production which is the left side in approximately 95% of the population

broca's area

mapping of regions of the cerebral cortex based on microscopic anatomy that relates specific areas to functional differences.

brodmanns areas

bundle of spinal nerve roots that decends from the lower spinal cord below the first lumbar vertebra and lie within the vertebral cavity has the appearance of horsetail

cauda equina

nucleus deep in the cerebrum that is part of the basal nuclei along with the putamen it is part of the striatum

caudate

surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that mark the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe

central sulcus

connection of the ventricular system between the third and fourth ventricle located in the midbrain

cerebral aqueduct

outer gray matter covering the forebrain my wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci

cerebral cortex

1/2 of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum

cerebral hemisphere

region of an adult brain that develops from the telencephalon and is responsible for higher neurological function such as memory emotion and consciousness

cerebrum

nerve plexus associated with the upper cervical spinal nerve

cervical plexus

large white matter structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemisphere

corpus callosum

one of the 12 nerves connected to the brain that are responsible for sensory and motor function of the head and neck

cranial nerve

sensory ganglion of cranial nerves

cranial nerve ganglia

connection within the basal nuclei from the striatum the globus pallidus internal segment and substantia nigra pars reticulata that disinhibit the thalamus to increase cortical control of movement

direct pathway

axon entering the posterior horn of the spinal cord

dorsal nerve root

sensory ganglion attached to the posterior nerve root of the spinal nerve

dorsal root ganglion

tough fibrous outer layer of the meninges that is attached to the inner surface of the cranium and vertebral column and surrounds the entire cns

dura mater

any of the venus structures surrounding the brain and a closed within the dura mater which drains blood from the cns to the common venous return of the jugular veins

dural sinus

innermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual taxon within a nerve

endoneurium

peripheral structures namely ganglia and nerve that are incorporated into the digestive system organ

enteric nervous system

neuronal plexus in the wall of the intestines which is part of the enteric nervous system

enteric plexus

outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve

epineurium

neuronal plexus in the wall of esophagus that is part of the enteric nervous system

esophageal plexus

six skeletal muscle that controls movement within the orbit

extraocular muscles

small bundles of nerves or muscle fibers enclose by connective tissue

fascicle

systemic nerve of the anterior leg that rises from the lumbar plexus

femoral nerve

systemic nerve of the posterior limb that begins as part of the sciatic nerve

fibular nerve

large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cords and marriages and vertebral arteries enter the cranium

foramen magnum

interior region of the adult brain that develops from the procencephalon and includes the cerebrum and diencephalon

forebrain

region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the frontal bone of the cranium

frontal lobe

neuronal networks in the wall of the stomach that are parts of the enteric nervous system

gastric plexuses

reach formed by convulsions the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum

gyrus

gray matter deep in the temporal lobes that is very important for long-term memory formation

hippocampus

connection within the basal nuclei from the stratum through the globus pallidus external segment and subthalamic nucleus to the globus pallidus internal segment substantia nigra pars compacta that result in inhibition of the thalamus to decreased cortical control of movement

indirect pathway

nucleus in the medulla that is involved in processing information related to motor control

inferior olive

systemic nerve in the thoracic cavity that is found between two ribs

intercostal nerve

white matter of the spinal cord between the posterior horn on one side and the axon from the anterior horn on the same side composed of many different groups of action of both ascending and descending track carrying motor command to and from the brain

lateral column

region of the spinal cord gray matter in the thoracic upper lumbar and sacral regions that is the central component of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

lateral horn

surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobe

lateral sulcus

large separation along the midline between the two cerebral hemisphere

longitudinal fissure

nerve plexus associated with the lumbar spinal nerve

lumbar plexus

singular opening from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space at the midline between the medulla and cerebellum

median aperture

systemic nerve of the arm located between the ulnar and radial nerve

median nerve

protective outer covering of the cns composed of connective tissue

meninges

network of nerves without neuronal cell bodies included

nerve plexus

region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the occipital bone of the cranium

occipital lobe

dural sinuses along the edge of the occipital lobes of the cerebrum

occipital sinuses

autonomic ganglia superior to sympathetic chain ganglia

paravertebral ganglia

region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the parietal bone of the cranium

parietal lobe

grooves in the cerebral cortex representing the border between the parietal and occipital cortices

parieto occipital sulcus

layer of connective tissue surrounding fascicles within a nerve

perineurium

systemic nerve from the cervical plexus that innervates the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

network of nerves or nervous tissue

plexus

ridge just posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe somatosensory processing initially takes place in the cerebrum

postcentral gyrus

white matter of the spinal cord that lies between the posterior horn of the gray matter sometimes referred to as the torso column composed of axons of ascending tract that carries sensory information of to the brain

posterior column

gray matter regions of the spinal cord in which sensory input arrives sometimes referred to as the dorsal horn

posterior horn

midline feature of the posterior spinal cord marking the separation between right and left side of the cord

posterior median sulcus

feature of the posterior spinal cord marking the entry of posterior nerve roots and the separation between the posterior and lateral column of the white matter

posterlateral sulcus

primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

precentral gyrus

specific region of the frontal lobe anterior to the more specific motor function area which can be related to the early planning of movements and intention to the point of being personality type function

prefrontal lobe

region of the frontal lobe responsible for planning movements that will be executed through the primary motor cortex

premotor area

autonomic ganglia that are anterior to the vertebral column and functionally related to the sympathetic chain ganglia

prevertebral ganglia

initial enlargement of the anterior neural tube during embryonic development that develop into the forebrain midbrain and hindbrain

primary vesicle

newcleus deep in the cerebrum that is part of the basal nuclei along with the caudate it is part of the striatum

putamen

systemic nerve of the arm the distal components of which is located near the radial bone

radial nerve

diffuse region of gray matter throughout the brainstem that regulates sleep wakefulness and state of consciousness

reticular formation

nerve plexus associated with the global war and sacral spinal nerve

sacral plexus

systemic nerve of the lower anterior leg that is a branch from the femoral nerve

saphenous nerve

systemic nerve from the sacral plexus that is a combination of the tibial and fibular nerves and extend across the hip joint and gluten region into the upper posterior leg

sciatic nerve

painful condition resulting from inflammation or compression of the sciatic nerve or any of the spinal nerves that contributes to eat

sciatica

one of the 31 nerves connected to the spinal cord

the spinal nerve

the caudate and putamen collectively as part of the basal nuclei which receive input from the cerebral cortex

striatum

space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater that contains csf and the fibrous connection of the arachnoid trabeculae

subarachnoid space

all the new play beneath the cerebral cortex including the basal nuclei and the basal forebrain

subcortical nucleus

nuclei within the basal nuclei that release dopamine to modulate the function of the striatum part of motor pathway

substantia nigra pars compacta

nuclei within the basal nuclei that serves as an output center of the nucleus part of motor pathway

substantia nigra pars reticulata

nucleus within the basal nuclei that is part of the indirect pathway

subthalamus

grooves form by convolution in the surface of the cerebral cortex

sulcus

half of the midbrain tectum that is responsible for aligning visual auditory and somatosensory spatial perceptions

superior colliculus

dural sinus that runs along the top of the longitudinal features and drains blood from the majority of the outer cerebrum

superior sagittal sinus

autonomic ganglia in the chain along the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column that are responsible for contributing to homeostatic mechanism of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic chain ganglia

nerve in the periphery distal to a nerve plexus or spinal nerve

systemic near

region of the midbrain two of us the roof of the cerebral aqueduct which is subdivided into the inferior and superior colliculi

tectum

region of the midbrain, thought as the floor of the cerebral aqueduct which continues into the pons and medulla as the floor of the fourth ventricle

tegmentum

region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the temporal bone of the cranium

temporal lobe

autonomic ganglia that are near or within the walls of organ that are responsible for contributing to homeostatic mechanism of the autonomic nervous system

terminal ganglion

major region of the diencephalon that is responsible for relaying information between the cerebrum and the hindbrain spinal cord and periphery

thalamus

systemic nerve of the posterior leg that begins as part of the sciatic nerve

tibial nerve

dural sinuses that trains along either side of the occipital cerebellar space

transverse sinuses

sensory ganglion that contribute sensory fibers to the trigeminal nerve

trigeminal ganglia

systemic nerve of the arm located close to the ulna, bone of the forearm

ulnar nerve

axon emerging from the anterior or lateral horn of the spinal cord

ventral nerve root

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