Cell Cycle

42問 • 2年前

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Final step in the Cell Cycle Actually means “cell moving”

Cytokinesis

1. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes (so daughter cells each have one) and chromosomes straighten out (uncoil) 2. Spindle fibers are gone 3. Cleavage furrow is forming between the cells

Telophase

1.Spindle fibers pull chromosomes towards the separate poles 2.Chromosomes are split in HALF 3.Sister chromatids are now their OWN chromosome.

Anaphase

1.chromosomes line up in the middle 2.Nuclear envelope is gone (no nucleus) 3.Spindle fibers (on opposite poles) are stretching towards the chromosomes

Metaphase

1. chromosomes can be seen as two chromatids, in the shape of an “X” 2.Nuclear envelope dissolves 3.Centrioles are present with some spindle fibers

Prosphase

Cell Division

Mitosis

grow mores, makes more protein and organelles

may be additional cell growth

cell replenishes its energy stores and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation

duplicating the contents inside the nucleus

DNA replication can proceed that result in the formation of identical pairs of DNA molecules the cell makes an identical copy of each of its chromosomes.

accumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins as well

Growth of the cell in size and development (differentiation-the cell is told what to become).

The cell is growing, copying it’s DNA and preparing for division. The copying of DNA is called synthesis or replication.

Interphase

There are two major phases of cell cycle:

Interphase and Mitotic phase.

A _ is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

Cell cycle

The largest phase in which 95% of growth occurs. This is the time between cell divisions.

Interphase

the cell prepares for division and checks for errors

cell is quite active at the biochemical level. accumulating the building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the associated proteins as well

accumulating sufficient energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus

DNA replication can proceed that result in the formation of identical pairs of DNA molecules the cell makes an identical copy of each of its chromosomes.

S Phase

cell replenishes its energy stores and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation

some cell organelles are duplicated, and the cytoskeleton is dismantled cell is quite active at the biochemical level. may be additional cell growth

the first phase in mitosis THREE THINGS TO LOOK FOR: 1.chromosomes can be seen as two chromatids, in the shape of an “X” 2.Nuclear envelope dissolves 3.Centrioles are present with some spindle fibers

PROPHASE

Second phase in Mitosis THREE THINGS TO LOOK FOR: 1.chromosomes line up in the middle 2.Nuclear envelope is gone (no nucleus) 3.Spindle fibers (on opposite poles) are stretching towards the chromosomes

METAPHASE

Third phase of Mitosis THREE THINGS TO LOOK FOR: 1.Spindle fibers pull chromosomes towards the separate poles 2.Chromosomes are split in HALF 3.Sister chromatids are now their OWN chromosome.

ANAPHASE

the final stage of Mitosis THREE THINGS TO LOOK FOR: 1. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes (so daughter cells each have one) and chromosomes straighten out (uncoil) 2. Spindle fibers are gone 3. Cleavage furrow is forming between the cells

TELOPHASE

PROPHASE

...

METAPHASE

...

ANAPHASE

...

TELOPHASE

...

CYTOKINESIS

Cell cycle is how they reproduce offspring

UNICELLULAR

Cell cycle is how they become an adult from only one fertilized zygote cell

MULTICELLULAR

Increase in number of cells and the size of cells (interphase G1)

GROWTH

cells are told by a gene to become specialized (ex. Muscle cells are told to do that job)

DIFFERENTIATION

the patterned formation of specialized cells to become TISSUES!

MORPHOGENESIS

The first appearance of the chromosome on stage to start the mitotic dance is during prophase. The chromosome can be clearly seen to consist of a pair of sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Chromatid is one of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome.

PROPHASE

The next step of the mitotic dance is metaphase. Chromosomes are aligned at the middle of the cell. All the chromosomes are attached to the spindle microtubules which are now fully developed. The nuclear membrane has broken. The centrosomes are located at the opposite poles.

METAPHASE

The sister chromatids separate from their partners. Each chromatid is now considered a daughter chromosome. Microtubules attached to the centromere are shortened bringing the chromosomes toward the opposite poles. While microtubules not attached to the chromosome grow longer, pushing the poles farther apart.

ANAPHASE

_ are both processes of cell division which produce new cells. Mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells that are identical with the parent cell while meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells which are different from the parent cell. Both start with a diploid cell.

Mitosis and meiosis

_ takes place in somatic cells which functions for the growth, repair or generate damaged tissues and asexual reproduction while _ takes place in sex cells or creates gametes with only one copy of the chromosome in preparation for sexual reproduction

Mitosis, meiosis

Earth's Subsystem

Gwenneth Dalawampu · 13問 · 2年前

Earth's Subsystem