it is the first stage of cellular respiration

derived from the Greek word “glyco” meaning sweet/sugar, “lysis” meaning to split

literally means breaking something sweet or breaking sugar. This stage takes place in the cell’s cytoplasm

Glycolysis takes place in

glycolysis does not require _ in the process and produces 4 ATP

how many molecules of ATP are being utilized initially to break the glucose and that ATP is borrowed from the cell

When _ are splits during glycolysis pyruvate molecule are formed

The glucose (6-carbon molecule) will split into two molecules of _ (three-carbon molecule) with the production of two molecules of ATP.

The pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis are transformed into a molecule called

Kreb cycle is named after its discoverer, a German- born British physician and biochemist)

serves as a fuel for Kreb cycle

In this phase, the high-energy electrons within NADH and FADH2 will be passed to a set of membrane-bound enzymes in the mitochondrion, collectively known as the

is a series of electron carriers existing in an oxidized form

Electrons pass across carrier molecules in a series of

ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation, the entire process is known as

a process which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose molecule

is an event that proceeds after what take place in the electron transport chain

is a process where the energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide is used to produce sugar, and oxygen

The main site of photosynthesis is in

The chloroplast contains a semi-fluid medium which is the

Embedded in the stroma is a complex network of stacked sacks. Each stack is known as

A granum consists of disk-shaped interconnected sacs called

Each pigment absorbs only certain rays of light. One of the most known pigment is chlorophyll which makes the color of plants

absorbs different wavelength than the chloroplast

are photosynthetic pigments that prevents chlorophyll from photo damage

is an accessory pigment and acts indirectly in photosynthesis by transferring light it absorbs to chlorophyll a

is found in certain marine algae, including the photosynthetic chromista (ex. Diatoms, brown algae and dinoflagellates).

are photosynthetic pigments efficient at absorbing red, orange, yellow and green light, wavelengths that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a

Light-Dependent reactions come first and use light energy from the sun to make two molecules of

This process is made possible by the help of different pigment molecules that forms cluster which is known as

The first state of light dependent reaction is the excitation of electrons which occurs in

A pigment molecule in the photosystem absorbs individual light packet called

The product of light-dependent reaction are

These two stages of photosynthesis are referred to as _. These are chemical reactions that used to store energy or create molecules

Cellular respiration is a _ where the molecules (complex) are broken down to release energy.

Cellular respiration is a _ that converts glucose into energy and it breaks down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell.

are organism that can go through cellular respiration.

energy currency of the cell

literally means splitting of sugar

the second stage of Cell respiration and known as Krebs’s Cycle

an enzyme embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria that plays a very important role in producing ATP

the process of converting glucose into energy with the presence of oxygen.

the process of converting glucose into energy without oxygen

Cellular respiration can occur both

Aerobic respiration occurs in the

is a set of reactions occurring in the absence of oxygen which breaks down food into simple organic compounds, generating energy in the form of ATP

is a set of reactions occurring in the absence of oxygen which breaks down food into simple organic compounds, generating energy in the form of ATP

It is a set of reactions occurring in the presence of oxygen

It occurs in the cytoplasm

The process of _ replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen

If no oxygen is available, cells can obtain energy through the process of

A common anaerobic process is _

is not an efficient process and results in the formation of far fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration

a by-product of glycolysis needed to proceed to fermentation even without oxygen

The process of _ replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen

occurs in yeasts and some bacteria.

formed during glycolysis is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide and is released (which is used to form ATP

The _ formed during Glycolysis each gain a hydrogen from NADH.

It turn the Pyruvate into lactic acid and energy is released

This _ contains the nucleoside adenine and a tail consisting of three phosphates.

The basic building blocks of the said complex molecule are

ATP transport chemical energy within cells for

is linked to a process called coupled reactions

All biological reactions either give off energy (_) or take in energy (_).

reaction supplies the energy needed to drive the endothermic reaction

A purine derivative nucleobase.

is widely known as one of the four bases present in nucleic acids, the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic code for every living organism, and RNA is essential for the synthesis of proteins, among other processes.

A 5-carbon simple sugar. It is also present in RNA.

The majority of ADP's energy is stored within the phosphate-phosphate bond. This explains why ATP is such a high-energy molecule since it has three phosphate groups.

is released from platelets and used to promote the clotting cascade.

it stores and releases energy for essential biochemical reactions

ATP is also regenerated through the use of ADP in

is a series of biochemical pathways that produce energy in the cell.