is linked to a process called coupled reactions

This _ contains the nucleoside adenine and a tail consisting of three phosphates.

it is the first stage of cellular respiration

Electrons pass across carrier molecules in a series of

is a set of reactions occurring in the absence of oxygen which breaks down food into simple organic compounds, generating energy in the form of ATP

A pigment molecule in the photosystem absorbs individual light packet called

The pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis are transformed into a molecule called

is an event that proceeds after what take place in the electron transport chain

The process of _ replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen

Each pigment absorbs only certain rays of light. One of the most known pigment is chlorophyll which makes the color of plants

an enzyme embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria that plays a very important role in producing ATP

is a series of biochemical pathways that produce energy in the cell.

literally means splitting of sugar

Cellular respiration is a _ where the molecules (complex) are broken down to release energy.

A common anaerobic process is _

literally means breaking something sweet or breaking sugar. This stage takes place in the cell’s cytoplasm

It is a set of reactions occurring in the presence of oxygen

A 5-carbon simple sugar. It is also present in RNA.

is found in certain marine algae, including the photosynthetic chromista (ex. Diatoms, brown algae and dinoflagellates).

glycolysis does not require _ in the process and produces 4 ATP

Cellular respiration is a _ that converts glucose into energy and it breaks down carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell.

This process is made possible by the help of different pigment molecules that forms cluster which is known as

are photosynthetic pigments that prevents chlorophyll from photo damage

These two stages of photosynthesis are referred to as _. These are chemical reactions that used to store energy or create molecules

the process of converting glucose into energy without oxygen

The main site of photosynthesis is in

is a process where the energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide is used to produce sugar, and oxygen

ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation, the entire process is known as

A purine derivative nucleobase.

is an accessory pigment and acts indirectly in photosynthesis by transferring light it absorbs to chlorophyll a

ATP transport chemical energy within cells for

When _ are splits during glycolysis pyruvate molecule are formed

Cellular respiration can occur both

Glycolysis takes place in

is a series of electron carriers existing in an oxidized form

is released from platelets and used to promote the clotting cascade.

Aerobic respiration occurs in the

Embedded in the stroma is a complex network of stacked sacks. Each stack is known as

The first state of light dependent reaction is the excitation of electrons which occurs in

absorbs different wavelength than the chloroplast

is widely known as one of the four bases present in nucleic acids, the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic code for every living organism, and RNA is essential for the synthesis of proteins, among other processes.

are photosynthetic pigments efficient at absorbing red, orange, yellow and green light, wavelengths that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a

a by-product of glycolysis needed to proceed to fermentation even without oxygen

a process which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose molecule

the process of converting glucose into energy with the presence of oxygen.

The glucose (6-carbon molecule) will split into two molecules of _ (three-carbon molecule) with the production of two molecules of ATP.

The majority of ADP's energy is stored within the phosphate-phosphate bond. This explains why ATP is such a high-energy molecule since it has three phosphate groups.

If no oxygen is available, cells can obtain energy through the process of

the second stage of Cell respiration and known as Krebs’s Cycle

It occurs in the cytoplasm

In this phase, the high-energy electrons within NADH and FADH2 will be passed to a set of membrane-bound enzymes in the mitochondrion, collectively known as the

are organism that can go through cellular respiration.

formed during glycolysis is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide and is released (which is used to form ATP

A granum consists of disk-shaped interconnected sacs called

All biological reactions either give off energy (_) or take in energy (_).

occurs in yeasts and some bacteria.

serves as a fuel for Kreb cycle

The process of _ replaces the process of aerobic respiration so that the cell can have a continual source of energy, even in the absence of oxygen

The product of light-dependent reaction are

how many molecules of ATP are being utilized initially to break the glucose and that ATP is borrowed from the cell

Light-Dependent reactions come first and use light energy from the sun to make two molecules of

ATP is also regenerated through the use of ADP in

derived from the Greek word “glyco” meaning sweet/sugar, “lysis” meaning to split

It turn the Pyruvate into lactic acid and energy is released

is not an efficient process and results in the formation of far fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration

The basic building blocks of the said complex molecule are

it stores and releases energy for essential biochemical reactions

The chloroplast contains a semi-fluid medium which is the

is a set of reactions occurring in the absence of oxygen which breaks down food into simple organic compounds, generating energy in the form of ATP

reaction supplies the energy needed to drive the endothermic reaction

energy currency of the cell

The _ formed during Glycolysis each gain a hydrogen from NADH.

Kreb cycle is named after its discoverer, a German- born British physician and biochemist)