Mining

35問 • 2年前

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is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, or reef, which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner

Mining

is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificially in a laboratory or factory.

Mining

in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Mining

finding places where ores occur

Prospecting

learn whether ore can be extracted economically

Mine exploration & development

extract ore from ground

Mining

separate ore minerals from other mined rock

Beneficiation

extract pure mineral from ore mineral (get the good stuff out of waste rock) Transportation- carry mineral to market

Smelting & refining

find buyers & sell the mineral

Marketing & sales

Types of Mining

Surface, Subsurface

scoop ore off surface of the earth or dig big holes and scoop

Surface

Cheap Safe for miners Large amount of environmental destruction

Surface

use shafts to reach deeply buried ores

Subsurface

Expensive Hazardous for miners Less environmental damage

Subsurface

Types of Surface Mining

Open Pit Mining, Strip mining

material is removed using large equipment

Overlaying

_ that are hundreds of meters wide and hundreds of meters deep.

Creates pits

_ (or pit) in the ground. The pit in mine is created by blasting with explosives and drilling

Open pit means a big hole

Like open pit but not as deep of a pit Same environmental damage

Strip mining

Dredging

Subsurface

refers to the procedure of creating fractures in rocks and rock formations by injecting fluid into cracks to force them further open

Subsurface Fracturing

an entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal.

Subsurface Mine Structures

_ refers to the method of excavating a vertical or near-vertical tunnel from the top down with no bottom access.

Shaft mining

when the top of the excavation is underground, it is called a winze or a sub- shaft.

winze or a sub- shaft

slope mining uses diagonally _ access shafts.

Sloping

_ utilizes horizontal access tunnels

Drift mining

_ are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.

Tailing

_ contaminates the soil and water with leaching of heavy metals

Tailing waste

_ disaster effct of leakage in Boac River in Pampanga

1996 Marcoper Mining

are where holes were filled in with waste- cheap & easy- susceptible to erosion, chemical weathering, causes high sediment runoff in watersheds. Steep slopes are slow to re-vegetate (succession happens slowly- no topsoil)

Spoil banks

is the removal of a portion which represents a whole needed for the analysis of this material.

Sampling

is important to evaluate the valuable component in an ore.

Analysis

is the process where the valuable components of the ore are separated through crushing and grinding.

Comminution

Involves the separation of the valuable minerals from the raw materials

Concentration

uses the concentration to convert it to usable minerals.

Dewatering

Earth's Subsystem

Gwenneth Dalawampu · 13問 · 2年前

Earth's Subsystem