it is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meteor rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms.

stories handed down from the remote past by words of mouth from one generation to another, reflecting the people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs and judgments

The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of _ posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.

The people of Manila and native groups within the Philippines used to write on bamboo and the _

In 1946, the _ whose aim was to publish works in English by Filipinos was established.

is a quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each

is a type of Secular Komedya which portrays the clash between the Muslims and the Christians where the forbidden romance between the prince and the princess is settled by having nonChristian be converted to Christianity or by his or her death followed by a resurrection through divine intervention.

uses “talinhaga”, or a metaphor that actually helps convey the answer to the riddle.

Examples of awit:

According to _, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Activism is connected with the history of our Filipino youth.

Ambahan is a traditional poetry of the HanunoomMangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the

It is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. This is created by animating figures made from cardboard which are projected onto a white screen.

It began on _, and will end on _.

It deals with

These are proverbs that are used to express pieces of wisdom or beliefs that are important to Filipino society. These forms are all done in verse, or metrical writing

The _ was restored with President Corazon C. Aquino at the helm.

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on

BULAGA

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD

Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country – like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution.

The field of the _ widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories.

By _, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded

it was a formalist movements in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self- referential aesthetic object.

FUNCTION OF LITERATURE

Spanish colonization started during the time of

Writers set out to create a national literature: one that reflects the Filipino way of life, the traditional values of the people as Filipinos and utilize the tropical vegetation of the islands. The Bureau of Education published Philippine Prose and Poetry, prescribed as a high school textbook. The period shifted from romantic idealism to romantic realism.

also known as Passion plays depict the passion and death of Jesus Christ.

The spurt continued unabated until the _.

This is the major pre-Hispanic poetic form. These are long, episodic, chanted poems which told a story, normally about a legendary hero and his adventures, often contending with, and also being aided by, supernatural creatures and spirits. Often chanted at feasts and rituals.

During this period, Senator Benigno S. Aquno Jr., the idol of the Filipino masses, whom they hoped to be the next president, was brutally murdered on _.

Examples: Ang Gatas At Ang Itlog (The Milk and The Eggs) Aking Bituin (My Star) Magtanim Ay Di Biro (Planting Rice) Atin Ku Pung Sinsing (Once I had a Ring - Lyrics in Panpango) Leron, Leron Sinta (My Dear Little Leron)

involves the chanting of a narrative about Jesus’ death and resurrection.

The most famous sanakulo is _.

It is sevensyllable metric lines that can be composed of more than four lines, is usually chanted and teacheslessons about life

The Martial Law Regime of F. E. Marcos fell on February 25, 1986 in a popular non-violent uprising called _.

The _ experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions o

Filipino student writers learned the language and tried to produce their pieces patterned after the foreign models. Literary pieces of study were made by foreign authors. Filipino writersimitated American and English writers.

This period was the entry of marginalized authors, genres, and themes into the main-stream of Philippine critical discourse. There was developing thrust towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other than Tagalog. The non-fiction published pieces consist of collections of essays originally published as newspaper columns.

ritual traditions of Filipinos are best understood in terms of their intentions. At the core of any ritual is the fundamental belief that there exists a delicate balance between man and nature, and the spirit world

The period of the New Society started on

The weekly Liwayway was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara. The only contact with the outside world was done with utmost secrecy through the underground radio program called “Voice of Freedom”.

(Panunuluyan) (Tagalog for "asking for lodgings") is a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the Holy Family's search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christ's birth through song.

Spanish colonizatiob of the Philippines started in

Most writers and authors were lead to either go underground or write in Tagalog. So, Filipino literature was given a break during this period. Filipino literature also experienced renewed attention because writersin English turned to writing in Filipino.

is performed at the local fiestas.

The translators were

21st literature is written by

PANDAY PIRA

SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Tagalog was favored by the Japanese military authority and writing in English was consigned to a limbo. Japanese were able to influence and encourage the Filipino in developing the vernacular literature. The only Filipino writers who could write freely were those who were living in the United States.