1st

92問 • 2年前

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It is sevensyllable metric lines that can be composed of more than four lines, is usually chanted and teacheslessons about life

Ambahan

is a quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each

Tanaga

It is used in teasing or to comment on a persons’ actuations

Kasabihan or sayings

This is the major pre-Hispanic poetic form. These are long, episodic, chanted poems which told a story, normally about a legendary hero and his adventures, often contending with, and also being aided by, supernatural creatures and spirits. Often chanted at feasts and rituals.

Epic or epiko

Used in witchcraftor enchantments

Bulong (chants)

These are proverbs that are used to express pieces of wisdom or beliefs that are important to Filipino society. These forms are all done in verse, or metrical writing

Sawikain (or salawikain)

uses “talinhaga”, or a metaphor that actually helps convey the answer to the riddle.

Riddle or bugtong

Examples of awit:

uyayi – lullaby, komintang – war song, kundiman – melancholic, love song harana – serenade, tagay – drinking song, mambayu – Kalinga rice-pounding song, subli – dance-ritual song of courtship /marriage, Tagulaylay- songs of the dead

are “long verse narratives on chivalric-heroic, religious, legendary and folkloric themes

Awit or song. Awit (and korido)

The people of Manila and native groups within the Philippines used to write on bamboo and the _

arecaceae palm

type of dance that imitates nature; it mimics the behaviors of animals and natural phenomena

mimetic dances

ritual traditions of Filipinos are best understood in terms of their intentions. At the core of any ritual is the fundamental belief that there exists a delicate balance between man and nature, and the spirit world

indigenous rituals

stories handed down from the remote past by words of mouth from one generation to another, reflecting the people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs and judgments

folk narratives

Examples: Ang Gatas At Ang Itlog (The Milk and The Eggs) Aking Bituin (My Star) Magtanim Ay Di Biro (Planting Rice) Atin Ku Pung Sinsing (Once I had a Ring - Lyrics in Panpango) Leron, Leron Sinta (My Dear Little Leron)

folk song

example of folk speeches

bugtong (riddle) salawikain (proverbs)

refers to the dialect, or style of speaking, unique to people living within a geographic area

folk speeches

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD

their folk speeches, folk song, folk narratives, indigenous rituals, indigenous rituals

Ambahan is a traditional poetry of the HanunoomMangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the

Surat Mangyan.

Spanish colonizatiob of the Philippines started in

1565

Spanish colonization started during the time of

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

The Re-Orientation Period

1898-1910

The spurt continued unabated until the _.

Cavite Revolt in 1872

involves the chanting of a narrative about Jesus’ death and resurrection.

Pasyon

SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

ALIBATA Christian Doctrine Spanish language became the literary language this time European legends and traditions Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog Grammar books were printed in Filipino Religious tone

By _, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English.

1900

By _, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded

1908

also known as Passion plays depict the passion and death of Jesus Christ.

Senakulo

Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Except for the Tribune and the Philippine Review, Pillars, Free Philippines, and Filipina, almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese. During this time, there was no freedom of speech and of the press.

JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

The most famous sanakulo is _.

Marinduque’s Moriones Festival

Filipino student writers learned the language and tried to produce their pieces patterned after the foreign models. Literary pieces of study were made by foreign authors. Filipino writersimitated American and English writers.

The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)

_ has described Filipino writing during the Japanese occupation as being pessimistic and bitter. There were some efforts at escapist literature, but in general, the literary output was minor and insignificant. Because of strict censorship, few literary works were printed during the war years

Victoria Abelardo, JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

is performed at the local fiestas.

Secular Komedya

Tagalog was favored by the Japanese military authority and writing in English was consigned to a limbo. Japanese were able to influence and encourage the Filipino in developing the vernacular literature. The only Filipino writers who could write freely were those who were living in the United States.

JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

More essays, short stories, and poems in English appeared. Tales of romance and adventures. Short story anthologies. Essays matured earlier in the milieu of social, economic, and political developments and projected Philippine customs and traditions. Plays were highly emotional rather than intellectual experiences.

The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)

is a type of Secular Komedya which portrays the clash between the Muslims and the Christians where the forbidden romance between the prince and the princess is settled by having nonChristian be converted to Christianity or by his or her death followed by a resurrection through divine intervention.

Moro-moro

The weekly Liwayway was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara. The only contact with the outside world was done with utmost secrecy through the underground radio program called “Voice of Freedom”.

JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Most writers and authors were lead to either go underground or write in Tagalog. So, Filipino literature was given a break during this period. Filipino literature also experienced renewed attention because writersin English turned to writing in Filipino.

JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

POETIC STYLE – AMERICAN REGIM

Free Style, New Criticism

Activists were imprisoned in military camps together with rebel writers. The seeds of activism resulted in the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Period of Bloody Placards

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970 – 1972)

it is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meteor rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms.

Free Verse

Literature showed reverence for the poor at its peak. The literature of the activists reached a point where they started boldly what should be done to effect changes.

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970 – 1972)

It is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. This is created by animating figures made from cardboard which are projected onto a white screen.

Carillo

it was a formalist movements in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self- referential aesthetic object.

New Criticism

The period of the New Society started on

September 21, 1972

Time of self-discovery and rapid growth. Period of original works with more control of the language. Writer’s experimentation with forms and techniques

The emergence period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)

continued to give annual awards.

The Carlos Palanca Awards

Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country – like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution.

PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1981)

(Panunuluyan) (Tagalog for "asking for lodgings") is a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the Holy Family's search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christ's birth through song.

Religious Drama

like the haiku, it is short, but has measure and rhyme. Each line has seventeen syllables and is also allegorical in meaning.

Tanaga

By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama.

The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)

a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked. It is made up of seventeen (17) syllables divided into three (3) lines. The first line has five, the second –seven and the third – five. It is allegorical in meaning, short and covers a wide scope in meaning.

Haiku

The field of the _ widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories.

Short stories

Writers set out to create a national literature: one that reflects the Filipino way of life, the traditional values of the people as Filipinos and utilize the tropical vegetation of the islands. The Bureau of Education published Philippine Prose and Poetry, prescribed as a high school textbook. The period shifted from romantic idealism to romantic realism.

The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)

The _ tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the morals of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations.

New Society

the usual and common form of poetry

Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

Between _, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when we were again conquered by another foreign country, Japan.

1941-1945

Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO ANG PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of those without television. Even the new songs were first heard over the airwaves.

PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1981)

The translators were

Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, and Narciso Pimentel

The _ experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions o

Filipino Drama

Newspapers donned new forms: news on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism were favored rather than sensationalized reporting of killings, rapes, robberies, and others. The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. The short stories, like the novels and plays were no different in style from those written before the onset of activism.

PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1981)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on

January 2, 1981

PULA, SA PUTI

Francisco Soc Rodrigo

BULAGA

Clodualdo del Mundo

During this period, Senator Benigno S. Aquno Jr., the idol of the Filipino masses, whom they hoped to be the next president, was brutally murdered on _.

August 21, 1983

PANDAY PIRA

Jose Ma. Hernandez

The _ for literature which was launched in 1950, continued its recognition of the best in the literary fields – poetry, short story, essays, and the one and three-act plays

Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards

Poems during this period of the Third Republic were _ and _. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting language.

romantic and revolutionary

The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of _ posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.

"struggle of mind and spirit”

SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK

Julian Cruz Balmaceda

The people’s love for sex films was unabated. Opposition tabloids flourished and was called as “_”. News – “_” There was a merging of the separate streams of oral and written literature.

mosquito press, political pornography

The Martial Law Regime of F. E. Marcos fell on February 25, 1986 in a popular non-violent uprising called _.

EDSA REVOLUTION

Poetry in English: For the first twenty years, many books were published…both in Filipino and in English. Among the writers during this time were:

Fred Ruiz Castro, Dominador I. Ilio, and C.B. Rigor.

Longer and longer pieces were being written by writers of the period. _ tells of the grim experiences of war during the Japanese Occupation.

Stevan Javellana’s WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN

The _ was restored with President Corazon C. Aquino at the helm.

Post-Martial Law Society

Award-giving bodies, annual competitions, and publications provide incentives for writers to keep producing literary pieces Post EDSA centers for creative writing were grouped into two:

The Academic Institutions, Writer’s organization

In 1946, the _ whose aim was to publish works in English by Filipinos was established.

Barangay Writer’s Project

According to _, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Activism is connected with the history of our Filipino youth.

Pociano Pineda

This period was the entry of marginalized authors, genres, and themes into the main-stream of Philippine critical discourse. There was developing thrust towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other than Tagalog. The non-fiction published pieces consist of collections of essays originally published as newspaper columns.

THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1986 – PRESENT)

Newspapers and magazine publications were reopened like the

Bulaklak, Liwayway, Ilang Ilang and Sinag Tala

It began on _, and will end on _.

January 1, 2001, December 31, 2100.

True or False “Century of Inventions”, “technological developments”, and “globalization”

True

CHARACTERISTICS OF 21ST CENTURY LITEREATURE

Borderless Fearless Symbolic Inventive Fluid

WHY STUDY LITERATURE?

Understanding social milieu Understanding culture Understanding human nature and behavior Develop historical sense Relish aesthetics of artistic expression

Literature is an attempt to _.

mirror life

Literature refers to any _ form of acceptable cognitive and or affective expression which is the representation of man’s experiences of the past and his expectations of the future.

textual

FUNCTION OF LITERATURE

For documentation For transmission For entertainment For expression For call to action For critical thinking

Literature is the product of

imagination, originality, style of expression, thought, emotions and feelings, idea

21st Century Literature consists of written works of _ printed and published from the start of the new millennium up to the present.

various genres (poetry, drama, fiction/prose, nonfiction, media)

New literry works are created within

the last decade

21st literature is written by

the contemporary authors

It deals with

current themes/issues and reflects a technological culture

Often breaks

traditional writing rules

Earth's Subsystem

Gwenneth Dalawampu · 13問 · 2年前

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