audit 3

47問 • 1年前

valerie

通報

問題一覧

learning theory that emphasizes the predictable role of environment in causing observable behavior

behaviorism

Rewards (satisfiers) Punishment (annoyers)

E.L. thorndike

human behavior can be studied objectively

John Watson

insisted that human behavior should be studied scientifically

B.F. Skinner

learning based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response.

classical conditioning

Russian physiologist studying the role of saliva in dogs’ digestive processes; classical conditioning

ivan pavlov

learning based on association of behavior with its consequences

operant conditioning

famous for its operant conditioning

B.F. Skinner

procedure in which the experimenter first rewards gross approximations, and then finally, the desired behavior itself. ● gradually shapes the final complex set of behavior

shaping

strengthens the behavior and rewards the person, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

reinforcement

something pleasant is added to reinforce the behavior

positive reinforcement

something unpleasant is removed to reinforce the behavior

negative reinforcement

reinforced every after nth response

fixed-ratio

reinforced after the nth response on the average

variable-ratio

reinforced after a designated period of time

fixed-interval

reinforced after the lapse of random of varied periods of time

variable-interval

does not strengthen a response, although it does not weaken it because its effect is less predictable ● no accuracy is possible

punishment

theory that behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models.

social cognitive theory

learning through watching the behavior of others. ● allows people to learn without performing any behavior

observational learning

adding and subtracting from the observed behavior.

modeling

unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other

chance encounter

environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended

fortuitous event

people's belief in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental

self-efficacy

past performances

mastery experiences

vicarious experiences provided by other people

social modeling

persuasion from others

social persuasion

people's physiological and emotional states

physical and emotional states

pioneer of social cognitive theory

albert bandura

moral development theories: person

lawrence kohlberg

Stages of Moral Development Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

preconventional morality 2-10, conventional morality 9 older, postconventional morality 12 older

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6

obedience and punishment orientation, instrumental-relativist orientation, goodboy/goodgirl orientation, law and order orientation, social contract orientation, principled conscience-driven orientation

moral judgements are driven by a need to meet personal needs

Stage 1: Obedience And Punishment Orientation

driven by a need to be accepted by others.

Stage 3: Good boy/Good girl Orientation

driven by a desire to adhere to the law or authorities.

Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation

adherence to laws that are set up as social contracts for the common good

Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation

arise from adherence to personal principles

Stage 6: Principled Conscience-driven Orientation

ETHICS OF CARE: person

Carol Gilligan

empathy and the ability to care

stages of ethics of care

only one needs of the self are recognized

level 1

the needs of other are prioritized and the needs of the self are denied

level 2

balance between the needs of the self and the needs of others

level 3

STAGES OF MORAL REASONING: person

Jean Piaget

Stages of Moral Reasoning Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2

premoral development 0-4, heteronomous stage 4-10, autonomous stage 10/11

unaware that rules exist

Stage 0: Premoral Development

- rules as inviolate and unalterable ● egocentric in their use of rules ● ignore intentions and focus only on consequences ● immanent justice

Stage 1: Heteronomous Stage

● rules as human conventions ● well-developed notions of fairness and appropriate justice ● belief in immanent justice also diminishes

Stage 2: Autonomous Stage

rewards: punishers:

satisfiers, annoyers

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

valerie · 100問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

100問 • 2年前

valerie

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

valerie · 100問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

100問 • 2年前

valerie

AB PSY CHAP 4 ANXIETY

valerie · 71問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAP 4 ANXIETY

ITC PERSON-CENTERED

ITC PERSON-CENTERED

itc

itc

io 2

io 2

psy ass 3

psy ass 3

C3 PSYASS

C3 PSYASS

io 5

io 5

psyass 4

psyass 4

psyass 5

psyass 5

psyass 6&7

psyass 6&7

psyass 6&7 pt2

psyass 6&7 pt2

io 7

io 7

io 6

io 6

io 8

io 8

io 9

io 9

io 9.2

io 9.2

io 10

io 10

DMH 1

DMH 1

io 10.2

io 10.2

io 11

io 11

DMH 2

DMH 2

io 11.2

io 11.2

io 12

io 12

psyass 11

psyass 11

io 13

io 13

io 13.2

io 13.2

io 14

io 14

14.2

14.2

PFA

PFA

AUDIT 1

AUDIT 1

audit 2

audit 2

問題一覧

learning theory that emphasizes the predictable role of environment in causing observable behavior

behaviorism

Rewards (satisfiers) Punishment (annoyers)

E.L. thorndike

human behavior can be studied objectively

John Watson

insisted that human behavior should be studied scientifically

B.F. Skinner

learning based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response.

classical conditioning

Russian physiologist studying the role of saliva in dogs’ digestive processes; classical conditioning

ivan pavlov

learning based on association of behavior with its consequences

operant conditioning

famous for its operant conditioning

B.F. Skinner

procedure in which the experimenter first rewards gross approximations, and then finally, the desired behavior itself. ● gradually shapes the final complex set of behavior

shaping

strengthens the behavior and rewards the person, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated

reinforcement

something pleasant is added to reinforce the behavior

positive reinforcement

something unpleasant is removed to reinforce the behavior

negative reinforcement

reinforced every after nth response

fixed-ratio

reinforced after the nth response on the average

variable-ratio

reinforced after a designated period of time

fixed-interval

reinforced after the lapse of random of varied periods of time

variable-interval

does not strengthen a response, although it does not weaken it because its effect is less predictable ● no accuracy is possible

punishment

theory that behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models.

social cognitive theory

learning through watching the behavior of others. ● allows people to learn without performing any behavior

observational learning

adding and subtracting from the observed behavior.

modeling

unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other

chance encounter

environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended

fortuitous event

people's belief in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental

self-efficacy

past performances

mastery experiences

vicarious experiences provided by other people

social modeling

persuasion from others

social persuasion

people's physiological and emotional states

physical and emotional states

pioneer of social cognitive theory

albert bandura

moral development theories: person

lawrence kohlberg

Stages of Moral Development Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

preconventional morality 2-10, conventional morality 9 older, postconventional morality 12 older

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6

moral judgements are driven by a need to meet personal needs

Stage 1: Obedience And Punishment Orientation

driven by a need to be accepted by others.

Stage 3: Good boy/Good girl Orientation

driven by a desire to adhere to the law or authorities.

Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation

adherence to laws that are set up as social contracts for the common good

Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation

arise from adherence to personal principles

Stage 6: Principled Conscience-driven Orientation

ETHICS OF CARE: person

Carol Gilligan

empathy and the ability to care

stages of ethics of care

only one needs of the self are recognized

level 1

the needs of other are prioritized and the needs of the self are denied

level 2

balance between the needs of the self and the needs of others

level 3

STAGES OF MORAL REASONING: person

Jean Piaget

Stages of Moral Reasoning Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2

premoral development 0-4, heteronomous stage 4-10, autonomous stage 10/11

unaware that rules exist

Stage 0: Premoral Development

- rules as inviolate and unalterable ● egocentric in their use of rules ● ignore intentions and focus only on consequences ● immanent justice

Stage 1: Heteronomous Stage

● rules as human conventions ● well-developed notions of fairness and appropriate justice ● belief in immanent justice also diminishes

Stage 2: Autonomous Stage

rewards: punishers:

satisfiers, annoyers