a goal oriented relationship between a professionally trained, competent counselor and an individual seeking help for the purpose of bringing about a meaningful awareness and understanding of the self and environment, improving planning and decision making, and formulating new ways of behaving, feeling, and thinking for problem resolution and/or development growth.

immediate and short- and long-term counseling interventions that result from natural, person-made, technological, and/or biological catastrophic events where such critical events impact the medical, physical, psychological, social, emotional, cognitive, cultural, spiritual, occupational, and psychosocial well-being of individuals, groups, and world cultures.

used to describe a type of counseling approach ● aimed at reducing the emotional and psychological effects of trauma and the prevention of PTSD.

allostasis helps us adapt and survive in the face of stress, crisis, and trauma. ● we can experience allostatic load if we put too much pressure on this system (allostasis) to calm us down from ongoing stress. Allostatic load leads to significant health consequences.

a serious physical and/or psychological injury sustained as a result of a life-threatening or horrific experience. ● experience that causes a person to feel afraid, overwhelmed, out of control, and broken. ● affects how people view themselves, others, and the world around them.

individual is confronted by an enormous life-changing event (divorce, loss of a loved one) ● situation that disrupts the status quo, leaves the person feeling powerless.

to decide

something that happens in a person’s environment that is overwhelming and that the person believes will stretch their ability to cope in a healthy way.

events that are disruptive and stressful, with the origin being in multiple life environments and areas.

well-coordinated and planned effort that has a defined organizational structure of roles, tasks, and responsibilities, typically performed in teams of specialists.

structured protocol originally developed by Mitchell as a direct, action-oriented crisis intervention process designed to prevent traumatic stress symptoms for both primary and secondary survivors.

group of well-trained and certified individuals who provide trauma mitigation and psychoeducation after a CI.

an approach that involves forming small and large groups of primary and secondary survivors to educate and discuss one specific CI.

designed to either eliminate the need for a formal debriefing or enhance the CISD.

shortened version of the CISD model.

a sense of having a connection with the person.

ability to be physically present for the client. Giving them your undivided attention and making appropriate eye contact, mirroring body language, and nodding.

● gives the client control of the content, pace ● listening to silences as well as words, sitting with them and recognizing that the silences may facilitate the counselling process.

showing the client that you have ‘heard’ not only what is being said, but also what feelings and emotions the client is experiencing when sharing their story with you.

like holding up a mirror: repeating the client’s words back to them exactly as they said them.

● The counsellor uses open questions to clarify his or her understanding of what the client is feeling. ● Leading questions are to be avoided as they can impair the counselling relationship.

● what issues the client wants to deal with.

condense or crystallize the essence of what the client is saying and feeling.

ability to deal with the here-and-now factors that operate within the helping relationship

specific type of counseling practice that acknowledges how various aspects of a patient’s cultural identity might influence their mental health.

Ensure that one’s personal biases, values, or problems will not interfere with one’s ability to work with clients who are culturally different from them. ● Respect clients’ religious and spiritual beliefs and values. Be comfortable with differences between themselves and others in terms of race, ethnicity, culture, and beliefs. ● Culturally skilled counselors monitor their functioning through consultation, supervision, and further training or education.

● Know specifically about their own racial and cultural heritage and how it affects them personally and professionally ● Possess knowledge about the historical background, traditions, and values of the client populations with whom they work. ● The greater their depth and breadth of knowledge of culturally diverse groups, the more likely they are to be effective practitioners.

● Multicultural counseling is enhanced when practitioners use methods and strategies and define goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of their clients. ● They do not force their clients to fit within one counseling approach, and they recognize that counseling techniques may be culture-bound.

The ________ and _________ is the foundation of connection and rapport with persons traumatized by disasters.

_____ in the therapeutic relationship is a ______

The client may have mentioned a range of issues and problems and _______ allows the counsellor and client together to clear away some of the less important surrounding material and concentrate on the central issues of concern.