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  • valerie

  • 問題数 67 • 8/23/2024

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  • 1

    Starts at conception, continuous through implantation in the uterine wall by the embryo, and ends at birth

    prenatal

  • 2

    individuals engaged in the professional study of human development.

    Developmental scientist

  • 3

    – a group of people born at about the same time.

    Cohort

  • 4

    - Starts at 65 onward

    late adulthood

  • 5

    – refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics. ● combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation.

    Socioeconomic status

  • 6

    the process of development is influenced by both biology and culture, but the balance between these influences’ changes.

    Relative influences of biology and culture shift over the life span

  • 7

    – range of modifiability of performance.

    Plasticity

  • 8

    - 1965 and 1980

    Generation X

  • 9

    – a political and social movement focused on eliminating racially based violence against Black People through nonviolent protest and activism.

    Black Lives Matter

  • 10

    the pattern of change that begins at the conception and continues through the life span.

    Development

  • 11

    – it occurs along multiple interacting dimensions, biological, psychological, and social each of which may develop at varying rates.

    Development is multidimensional

  • 12

    – Starts at birth and continuous to two years of age

    infancy and toddlerhood

  • 13

    - the characteristics of people as males or females.

    Gender

  • 14

    – family structure in which one spouse, most commonly a man, is married to more than one partner.

    Polygamy

  • 15

    – influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.

    Normative age-graded influences

  • 16

    – development is a lifelong process of change.

    Development is Lifelong

  • 17

    – differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes.

    Individual Differences

  • 18

    – a concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society.

    Social construction

  • 19

    “from womb to tomb” comprising the entire human life span from conception to death.

    Life-span development

  • 20

    – each person develops within multiple contexts-circumstances or conditions defined in part by maturation and in part by time and place.

    Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context

  • 21

    - Starts at 25 until 40-45

    early adulthood

  • 22

    – comparison of one culture with one or more culture. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across culture, and the degree to which it is culture specific.

    Cross-cultural studies

  • 23

    – the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation. - Society’s or group’s total way of life

    Culture

  • 24

    – times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experiences.

    Sensitive periods

  • 25

    focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people.

    Human development

  • 26

    – Acronym standing for Black, indigenous and people of color.

    BIPOC

  • 27

    – as people gain in one area, they may lose in another, sometimes at the same time. Children grow mostly in one direction-up both in size and in abilities.

    Development is multidirectional

  • 28

    – overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group.

    Ethnic gloss

  • 29

    – conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.

    Risk factors

  • 30

    - a characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.

    Ethnicity

  • 31

    – instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.

    Imprinting

  • 32

    - an analytical framework focused on how a person’s multiple identities combine to create differences in privilege or discrimination.

    Intersectionality

  • 33

    - 1981 and 1996

    Millennials

  • 34

    – specific time when a given event, or its absence has impact on development.

    Critical period

  • 35

    – growth of body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.

    Physical Development

  • 36

    the perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, growth, multidisciplinary, and contextual: maintenance, and regulation of loss.

    Life-span perspectives

  • 37

    - Starts at six years of age and continues until the onset of puberty

    middle and late childhood

  • 38

    – totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development.

    Environment

  • 39

    -Starts at 18 until 25

    emerging adulthood

  • 40

    -a grouping of humans distinguished by their outward physical characteristics or social qualities from other groups. - Not biological construct.

    Race

  • 41

    – patterns of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

    Cognitive development

  • 42

    – unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes.

    Maturation

  • 43

    - 1946 and 1964

    Baby Boomers

  • 44

    – characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or typical event that happens at an unusual time of life.

    Nonnormative

  • 45

    – influences that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances.

    Normative history-graded influences

  • 46

    – view of human development that focused on evolutionary and biological bases of behavior.

    Evolutionary/sociobiological perspective

  • 47

    – inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents.

    Heredity

  • 48

    – a national government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens.

    Social Policy

  • 49

    - two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren.

    Nuclear family

  • 50

    - Starts at 40-45 until 65

    middle adulthood

  • 51

    – study of distinctive adaptive behaviors of species of animals that have evolved to increase survival of the species.

    Ethology

  • 52

    – consists of people united by a distinctive culture, ancestry, religion, language, or national origin, all of which contribute to a sense of shared identity and shared attitudes, beliefs, and values.

    Ethnic group

  • 53

    – a group of people strongly influenced by a major historical event during their formative period.

    Historical generation

  • 54

    - 1928 and 1945

    Silent Generation

  • 55

    – many abilities, such as memory, strength, and endurance, can be improved significantly with training and practice, even late in life.

    Development shows plasticity

  • 56

    ● scientific study of ways in which people change, as well as stay the same, from conception to death.

    Developmental Psychology

  • 57

    - characteristics of an event that occurs in similar way for most people in group.

    Normative

  • 58

    – a culture in which people tend to prioritize collaborative social goals.

    Collectivistic Culture

  • 59

    – a culture in which people tend to prioritize personal goals ahead of collective goals and to view themselves as distinct individuals.

    Individualistic culture

  • 60

    – pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships.

    Psychosocial development

  • 61

    - Starts at two years of age until six years of age

    early childhood

  • 62

    - Starts at the onset of puberty until 18

    adolescence

  • 63

    – application of Darwinian principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest to individual behavior.

    Evolutionary Psychology

  • 64

    – multigeneration kinship network of parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes living together in an extended-family household.

    Extended family

  • 65

    individuals choose to invest their resources of time, energy, talent, and social support in varying ways.

    Development involves changing resource allocations

  • 66

    - are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the lives of the individual people. E.g. The death of the parent when a child is young.

    Normative life events

  • 67

    -1997 - Present

    Generation Z