psy ass 3

50問 • 2年前

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voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by federal, state, and local governments, private employers, and schools to combat discrimination and to promote equal opportunity for all in education and employment.

affirmative action

rules that individuals must obey for the good of the society as a whole—or rules thought to be for the good of society as a whole.

laws

a body of principles of right, proper, or good conduct.

ethics

s, recognized and accepted by members of a profession, it defines the standard of care expected of members of that profession.

Code of professional ethics

, the level at which the average, reasonable, and prudent professional would provide diagnostic or therapeutic services under the same or similar conditions.

Standard of care

, the product of a state-led effort to bring greater interstate uniformity to what constituted proficiency in various academic subjects.

Common Core State Standards

which provided federal money to local schools for the purpose of testing ability and aptitude to identify gifted and academically talented students.

National Defense Education Act

state-sponsored examinations for official positions.

imperial examination

Greco-Roman writings indicative of attempts to categorize people in terms of

personality types

the one who spurred scientific interest in individual difference

Charles darwin, on the origin of species by means of natural selection

- influential contributor to the field of measurement ● classify people “according to their natural gifts” and to ascertain their “deviation from an average” ● contributed to the development of many contemporary tools (questionnaires, rating scales, and self-report inventories) - coefficient of correlation

francis galton

product-moment correlation technique

karl pearson

focused on how people were similar, not different.

wilhelm wundt

coined the term “mental test”

james cattell

originating the concept of test reliability as well as building the mathematical framework for the statistical technique of factor analysis.

charles spearman

early experimenter with the word association technique

emil kraepelin

little-known founder of clinical psychology”

lightner witmer

military’s need for an efficient method of screening the intellectual ability of World War I recruits.

group intelligence test

introduced a test designed to measure adult intelligence.

david wechsler, wechsler-bellevue intelligence scale, wechsler adult intelligence scale

develop a measure of adjustment and emotional stability that could be administered quickly and efficiently to groups of recruits in World War

robert woodworth, woodworth psychoneurotic inventory

a process whereby assessees themselves supply assessment-related information by responding to questions, keeping a diary, or self-monitoring thoughts or behaviors.

self-report

an individual is assumed to “project” onto some ambiguous stimulus his or her own unique needs, fears, hopes, and motivation.

projective test

Rorschach test

Hermann rorschach

the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people

culture

raised questions about how meaningful such tests are when used with people from various cultural and language backgrounds.

henry goddard

designed for use with people from one culture but not from another, soon began to appear on the scene.

culture-specific tests

the means by which information is communicated, is a key yet sometimes overlooked variable in the assessment process.

language

characterized by value being placed on traits such as self-reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and competitiveness.

individualist culture

value is placed on traits such as conformity, cooperation, interdependence, and striving toward group goals.

collectivist culture

formal testing programs designed to be used in decisions regarding various aspects of students’ education.

minimum competency testing programs

, the primary objective of these laws was to give testtakers a way to learn the criteria by which they are being judged.

Truth-in-testing legislation

selection procedure whereby a fixed number or percentage of applicants with certain characteristics/backgrounds are selected regardless of other factors.

quota system

practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.

discrimination

practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions

reverse discrimination

the consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome.

disparate treatment

the consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that unintentionally yielded a discriminatory result or outcome.

disparate impact

the court-mediated resolution of legal matters of a civil, criminal, or administrative nature. ● sometimes referred to as “judge-made law”

litigation

Tests or aids that can adequately be administered, scored, and interpreted with the aid of the manual and a general orientation to the kind of institution or organization in which one is working (for instance, achievement or proficiency tests).

level A

Tests or aids that require some technical knowledge of test construction and use and of supporting psychological and educational fields such as statistics, individual differences, psychology of adjustment, personnel psychology, and guidance (e.g., aptitude tests and adjustment inventories applicable to normal populations).

level b

Tests and aids that require substantial understanding of testing and supporting psychological fields together with supervised experience in the use of these devices (for instance, projective tests, individual mental tests).

level c

a request for assistance in dying may be granted only contingent on the findings of a psychological evaluation; life or death literally hangs in the balance of such assessments.

death with dignity (oregon)

must be followed by all psychologists

standards

more aspirational in nature

guidelines

Testtakers have a right to know why they are being evaluated, how the test data will be used, and what (if any) information will be released to whom.

the right of informed consent

Testtakers have a right to be informed of the nature of the findings with respect to a test they have taken.

the right to be informed of test findings

recognizes the freedom of the individual to pick and choose for himself the time, and particularly the extent to which he wishes to share or withhold from others his attitudes, beliefs, behavior, and opinions”

privacy right

concerns matters of communication outside the courtroom, privilege protects clients from disclosure in judicial proceedings”

confidentiality

information that is protected by law from disclosure in a legal proceeding

privileged

lawyer–client relationship, doctor–patient relationship, priest–penitent relationship, husband–wife relationship, & psychologist–client relationship

Privileged information

rights

the right of informed consent, the right to be informed of test findings, the right to the least stigmatizing label, the right to privacy and confidentiality

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

valerie · 100問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders