audit 2

70問 • 1年前

valerie

通報

問題一覧

focuses on unconscious emotions and drives

psychoanalytic

, studies observable behavior

learning

analyzes thought processes

cognitive

emphasizes the impact of the historical, social, and cultural context.

contextual

considers evolutionary and biological underpinnings of behavior.

evolutionary/sociobiological

the belief that a tiny, fully formed human is implanted in the sperm or egg at conception and then grows in size until birth.

preformationism

believe that all children are born equal

john locke

whatever comes into the child’s mind comes from the environment (experiences).

tabula rasa

Father of Developmental Psychology

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

proposed that children are largely shaped by their social environments, especially their education as adults teach them important knowledge.

john locke

did not believe children were blank slates, but instead developed according to a natural plan which unfolded in different stages and should be allowed to think by themselves according to their own ways and an inner, biological timetable.

jean-jacques rousseau

innate driving force behind development, self-learning

nativism

Father of Psychoanalysis

sigmund freud

– hysteria (paralysis of the body)

Jean Martin Charcot

– catharsis

Josef Breuer

view of human development as shaped by unconscious forces that motivate human behavior.

psychoanalytic perspective

Twin Cornerstones of Psychoanalysis

sex, aggression

child’s seduction by a parent ● held that hysteria and obsessional neurosis are caused by repressed memories of infantile sexual abuse.

seduction theory

contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness

unconscious

our psychological make-up and behaviors have been significantly influenced by the evolutionary development and experiences of our ancestors.

phylogenetic endowment

in Freudian theory, an unvarying sequence of stages of childhood personality development in which gratification shifts from the mouth to the anus and then to the genitals

psychosexual development

key event in psychosexual development occurs in the _____

phallic stage

source of pleasure involves mouth-oriented activities (sucking and feeding).

oral

child derives sensual gratification from withholding and expelling feces. ● toilet training is important activity.

anal

zone of gratification of anal

anal region

child becomes attached to parent of the other sex and later identifies with same-sex parent. ● superego develops.

phallic

phallic zone of gratification

genital region

time of relative calm between more turbulent stages.

latency

reemergence of sexual impulses of phallic stage, channeled into mature adult sexuality.

genital

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

birth to 12-18, 12-18 to 3, 3-6, 6- puberty, puberty - adulthood

operates under the pleasure principle—the drive to seek immediate satisfaction of their needs and desires.

represents reason, develops gradually during the first year or so of life and operates under the reality principle.

ego

includes the conscience and incorporates socially approved “shoulds” and “should nots” into the child’s value system. moralistic and idealistic principle

superego

what we should not do

conscience

– what we should do

ego-Ideal

– most basic and the mother of defense mechanisms

repression

– disguised opposite of original form

reaction formation

– redirecting unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects

displacement

– remaining into the present, more comfortable state

fixation

emphasizing the influence of society on the developing personality ● development was a lifelong process.

erik erikson

pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships. ● in Erikson’s eight-stage theory, the socially and culturally influenced process of development of the ego, or self.

psychosocial development

cornerstone of psychosocial

social relationships

each period of life has a unique challenge or crisis that the person who reaches it must face

psychosocial crises

view that thought processes are central to development.

cognitive perspective

theory that children’s cognitive development advances in a series of four stages involving qualitatively distinct types of mental operations.

cognitive stage theory

the creation of categories or systems of knowledge. ● mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered.

organization

organized patterns of thought and behavior used in particular situations. ● ways of organizing information about the world.

schemes

Piaget’s term for adjustment to new information about the environment in light of what they already know.

adaptation

taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures.

assimilation

adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit the new information.

accommodation

tendency to seek a stable balance among cognitive elements; achieved through a balance between assimilation and accommodation.

equilibration

children experience the world through their fundamental senses of seeing, hearing, touching, and tasting. Stage Attainments:

sensorimotor, object permanence

● children acquire the ability to internally represent the world through language and mental imagery. they also start to see the world from other people’s perspectives. ● egocentric and animism Stage Attainments:

preoperational, theory of mind

children become able to think logically. they can increasingly perform operations on objects that are real. ● seriation and reversibility ● bound to the concrete, physical reality of the world

concrete operational, conservation

adolescents can think systematically, can reason about abstract concepts, and can understand ethics and scientific reasoning. Stage Attainments:

formal operational, abstract logic

focused on the social and cultural processes that guide children’s cognitive development

lev vygotsky

theory of how contextual factors affect children’s development.

sociocultural theory

the gap between what they are already able to do by themselves and what they can accomplish with assistance.

zone of proximal development

temporary support to help a child master a task.

scaffolding

– important in development

language

- private speech

self-talk

have internalized their egocentric speech.

inner speech

Infancy (birth to 12–18 months)

Basic trust vs. Mistrust, Hope, Withdrawal

Early Childhood (12–18 months to 3)

Autonomy vs. Shame, Will, Compulsion

Play Age (3 to 6)

Initiative vs. Guilt, Purpose, Inhibition

School Age (6 to puberty)

Industry vs. Inferiority, Competence/Skill, Inertia

Adolescence (puberty to young adulthood)

identity vs. identity confusion, fidelity, role repudiation

Young Adulthood

intimacy vs. isolation, love, exclusivity

Middle Adulthood

generativity vs. stagnation, care, rejectivity

Late Adulthood

integrity vs. despair, wisdom, disdain

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

valerie · 100問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

100問 • 2年前

valerie

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

valerie · 100問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAPTER 7: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

100問 • 2年前

valerie

AB PSY CHAP 4 ANXIETY

valerie · 71問 · 2年前

AB PSY CHAP 4 ANXIETY

ITC PERSON-CENTERED

ITC PERSON-CENTERED

itc

itc

io 2

io 2

psy ass 3

psy ass 3

C3 PSYASS

C3 PSYASS

io 5

io 5

psyass 4

psyass 4

psyass 5

psyass 5

psyass 6&7

psyass 6&7

psyass 6&7 pt2

psyass 6&7 pt2

io 7

io 7

io 6

io 6

io 8

io 8

io 9

io 9

io 9.2

io 9.2

io 10

io 10

DMH 1

DMH 1

io 10.2

io 10.2

io 11

io 11

DMH 2

DMH 2

io 11.2

io 11.2

io 12

io 12

psyass 11

psyass 11

io 13

io 13

io 13.2

io 13.2

io 14

io 14

14.2

14.2

PFA

PFA

AUDIT 1

AUDIT 1

audit 3

audit 3

問題一覧

focuses on unconscious emotions and drives

psychoanalytic

, studies observable behavior

learning

analyzes thought processes

cognitive

emphasizes the impact of the historical, social, and cultural context.

contextual

considers evolutionary and biological underpinnings of behavior.

evolutionary/sociobiological

the belief that a tiny, fully formed human is implanted in the sperm or egg at conception and then grows in size until birth.

preformationism

believe that all children are born equal

john locke

whatever comes into the child’s mind comes from the environment (experiences).

tabula rasa

Father of Developmental Psychology

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

proposed that children are largely shaped by their social environments, especially their education as adults teach them important knowledge.

john locke

jean-jacques rousseau

innate driving force behind development, self-learning

nativism

Father of Psychoanalysis

sigmund freud

– hysteria (paralysis of the body)

Jean Martin Charcot

– catharsis

Josef Breuer

view of human development as shaped by unconscious forces that motivate human behavior.

psychoanalytic perspective

Twin Cornerstones of Psychoanalysis

sex, aggression

child’s seduction by a parent ● held that hysteria and obsessional neurosis are caused by repressed memories of infantile sexual abuse.

seduction theory

contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness

unconscious

our psychological make-up and behaviors have been significantly influenced by the evolutionary development and experiences of our ancestors.

phylogenetic endowment

in Freudian theory, an unvarying sequence of stages of childhood personality development in which gratification shifts from the mouth to the anus and then to the genitals

psychosexual development

key event in psychosexual development occurs in the _____

phallic stage

source of pleasure involves mouth-oriented activities (sucking and feeding).

oral

child derives sensual gratification from withholding and expelling feces. ● toilet training is important activity.

anal

zone of gratification of anal

anal region

child becomes attached to parent of the other sex and later identifies with same-sex parent. ● superego develops.

phallic

phallic zone of gratification

genital region

time of relative calm between more turbulent stages.

latency

reemergence of sexual impulses of phallic stage, channeled into mature adult sexuality.

genital

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

birth to 12-18, 12-18 to 3, 3-6, 6- puberty, puberty - adulthood

operates under the pleasure principle—the drive to seek immediate satisfaction of their needs and desires.

represents reason, develops gradually during the first year or so of life and operates under the reality principle.

ego

includes the conscience and incorporates socially approved “shoulds” and “should nots” into the child’s value system. moralistic and idealistic principle

superego

what we should not do

conscience

– what we should do

ego-Ideal

– most basic and the mother of defense mechanisms

repression

– disguised opposite of original form

reaction formation

– redirecting unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects

displacement

– remaining into the present, more comfortable state

fixation

emphasizing the influence of society on the developing personality ● development was a lifelong process.

erik erikson

pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships. ● in Erikson’s eight-stage theory, the socially and culturally influenced process of development of the ego, or self.

psychosocial development

cornerstone of psychosocial

social relationships

each period of life has a unique challenge or crisis that the person who reaches it must face

psychosocial crises

view that thought processes are central to development.

cognitive perspective

theory that children’s cognitive development advances in a series of four stages involving qualitatively distinct types of mental operations.

cognitive stage theory

the creation of categories or systems of knowledge. ● mnemonic strategy of categorizing material to be remembered.

organization

organized patterns of thought and behavior used in particular situations. ● ways of organizing information about the world.

schemes

Piaget’s term for adjustment to new information about the environment in light of what they already know.

adaptation

taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures.

assimilation

adjusting one’s cognitive structures to fit the new information.

accommodation

tendency to seek a stable balance among cognitive elements; achieved through a balance between assimilation and accommodation.

equilibration

children experience the world through their fundamental senses of seeing, hearing, touching, and tasting. Stage Attainments:

sensorimotor, object permanence

preoperational, theory of mind

children become able to think logically. they can increasingly perform operations on objects that are real. ● seriation and reversibility ● bound to the concrete, physical reality of the world

concrete operational, conservation

adolescents can think systematically, can reason about abstract concepts, and can understand ethics and scientific reasoning. Stage Attainments:

formal operational, abstract logic

focused on the social and cultural processes that guide children’s cognitive development

lev vygotsky

theory of how contextual factors affect children’s development.

sociocultural theory

the gap between what they are already able to do by themselves and what they can accomplish with assistance.

zone of proximal development

temporary support to help a child master a task.

scaffolding

– important in development

language

- private speech

self-talk

have internalized their egocentric speech.

inner speech

Infancy (birth to 12–18 months)

Basic trust vs. Mistrust, Hope, Withdrawal

Early Childhood (12–18 months to 3)

Autonomy vs. Shame, Will, Compulsion

Play Age (3 to 6)

Initiative vs. Guilt, Purpose, Inhibition

School Age (6 to puberty)

Industry vs. Inferiority, Competence/Skill, Inertia

Adolescence (puberty to young adulthood)

identity vs. identity confusion, fidelity, role repudiation

Young Adulthood

intimacy vs. isolation, love, exclusivity

Middle Adulthood

generativity vs. stagnation, care, rejectivity

Late Adulthood

integrity vs. despair, wisdom, disdain