Positioning the Patient for different Examinations

32問 • 2年前

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A properly mainting of a patients neutral body alignment by preventing hypertension and extreme lateral rotation to prevent complications of immobility and injury.

Patient Positioning

is an essential aspect of nursing practice.

Proper Positioning

Rationale for Proper Positioning

1. Prevent soft tissue and joint contractures. 2. Provide patient comfort. 3. Provide support and stability to patients trunks and extremities. 4. Provide access and exposure to areas to be treated. 5. Promote efficient function of the patient’s organ system. 6. Provide position changes to relieve excessive, prolonged pressure on the soft tissue, bony prominence, and circulatory and neurologic structure.

Guidelines for Patient Positioning (Steps)

1. Explain the procedure. 2. Encourage the patients to assist as much as possible. 3. Get adequate help. 4. Use mechanical aids. (bed boards, pillows, footboard, etc.)

Face up, flat on the back. A pillow may be placed under the head. Feet should be supported to prevent plantar flexion or foot drop. - very common position.

Supine/Supine Position

- A position in which the patient lies on the back with the lower extremities moderately flexed and rotated outward. - common in ob patients (vaginal examination).

Dorsal Recumbent

- Patient lies face down. Pillow should support the head to prevent flexion of the cervical spine. Feet mat pull down on the table so that the feet drop over the edge or a pillow under the lower legs to prevent foot drop. - Extension of hips and knee joints. - In surgery - mostly prone position is often used for neurosurgery ( most neck and spine surgeries). - Drainage of secretions. - Placing support in prone.( towel, pillow..)

Prone

- or side-lying position, the patient lies on one side of the body with the top leg in front of the bottom leg and the hip and knee flexed. - Ideal position for a pregnant mother.

Lateral Position

- Patient sem sit’s with head raised at an angle of 45-90 degrees off the bed. -Used for patient in respiratory distress -Promotes lung expansion. -Poor neck alignment.(Don’t put too many pillows just one pillow or wala ng pillow.) -For conscious patient only. -Used in some surgeries. ( Neurosurgery or the shoulders) - Use a footboard.

High Fowlers Position

-Patient’s head is raise at an 15-30 degrees off the bed. Arm must be supported to prevent pull on the shoulder. -Useful for NGT. ( for patients with a nasogastric tube.) -Prepare for walking.

Semi Fowler’s Position

-Patient lies on either left or right side with the forward arm flexed and the posterior arm extended behind the body. -Prevents aspiration of fluids. (for epileptic patient.) -Reduces lower body pressure. (paralyse patients.) -Perineal area visualization and treatment. (Proctoscopy) -Pregnant women comfort.

Sim’s

-is a patient position in which the patient is one their back with hips and knees flexed and thighs apart. (Sabay itatas ang paa.) -Lithotomy position is commonly used for vaginal examinations and childbirth. used stir up (padded).

Lithotomy Position

- places the patient in a sitting position or on the side of the bed with an overbed table in front to lean on and several pillows on the table to rest on. -Maximum lung expansion. -Help in exhaling. -In surgical. (Thoracentesis)

Orthopneic or Tripod Position

- The table or bed is inclined with the patient's head lower than the rest of the body. used this position during diagnostic imaging procedure and for promotion of venous return in patients with inadequate peripheral perfusion caused by disease. -Promote venous return. -Postural drainage.

Trendelenburg’s Position

-is a patient position wherein the head of the bed is elevated with the foot of the bed down. It is the opposite of Trendelenburg's position. -Gastrointestinal problems. ( Esophageal reflux) -Prevent esophageal reflux. -Prevent rapid change of position. (cardiac problem)

Reverse Trendelenburg’s Position

- It can be in a lateral or prone position. • In the lateral knee-chest position, the patient lies on their side, the torso lies diagonally across the table, and the hips and knees are flexed. • In the prone knee-chest position, the patient kneels on the table and lowers their shoulders onto the table, so their chest and face rest on the table. -Sigmoidoscopy. (without anesthesia) -Knee chest position is assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination. -Patient dignity. (Paki explain sa patient ang position.)

Knee-Chest Position

- also known as Kraske, is wherein the patient's abdomen lies flat on the bed. The bed is scissored, so the hip is lifted, and the legs and head are low. - Hemoroid surgery (Almoranas) - In surgery. - Requires team effort. - Cardiovascular effects.

Jackknife Position

-The patient assumes a moditied lateral position wherein the abdomen is placed over a lift in the operating table that bends the body. The patient is turned on their contralateral side with their back placed on the edge of the table. The contralateral kidney is placed over the break in the table or over the kidney body elevator. The uppermost arm is placed in a gutter rest at no more than 90° abduction or flexion. -Access to the retroperitoneal area. -Risk for falls.

Kidney Position

are plywood boards placed under the mattress's entire surface area and are useful for increasing back support and body alignment.

Bed Boards

are rigid plastic or heavy foam shoes that keep the foot flexed at the proper angle. It is recommended that they should be removed 2 to 3 times a day to assess the skin integrity and joint mobility:

Foot Boots

maintain the fingers in a slightly flexed and functional position and keep the thumb slightly adducted in opposition to the fingers.

Hand Rolls

These splints are individually molded for the client to maintain proper alignment of the thumb in slight adduction and the wrist in slight dorsiflexion.

Hand-Wrist Splints

provide support, elevate body parts and splint incision areas, and reduce postoperative pain during activity, coughing, or deep breathing. They should be of the appropriate size for the body to be positioned.

Pillows

are soft devices filled with substances that can be used to shape or contou the body's shape and provide support. They immobilize extremities and maintain specific body alignment.

Sandbags

are bars along the sides of the length of the bed. They ensure client safety and are useful for increased mobility. They also assist in rolling from side to side or sitting in bed.

Side Rails

These rolls prevent the external rotation of the legs when the client is in the supine position. To form a roll, use a cotton bath blanket or a sheet folded lengthwise to a width extending from the greater trochanter of the femur to the lowest border of the popliteal space.

Trochanter Rolls

Are triangular pillows made of heavy foam and are used to maintain legs in abduction following total hip replacement surgery.

Wedge Pillows

Common Soft Tissue Contracture Sites related to Prolonged Positioning Hip and knee flexors Ankle plantar flexors Shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotators Hip external rotators

Supine

Common Soft Tissue Contracture Sites related to Prolonged Positioning Ankle plantar flexors Shoulder extensors, adduction, and internal/external rotators Neck rotators, left or right

Prone

Common Soft Tissue Contracture Sites related to Prolonged Positioning Hip and knee flexors Hip adductors and internal rotators Shoulder adductors and internal rotators

Side lying

Common Soft Tissue Contracture Sites related to Prolonged Positioning Hip and knee flexors Hip adductors and internal rotators Shoulder adductors, extensors and internal rotators.

Sitting

Precautions for Patient Positioning

• Avoid the presence of clothing or linen folds beneath the patient. • Observe skin color before, during, and after treatment. • Protect bony prominence from excessive and prolonged pressure. • Avoid positioning the patient's extremities® beyond the support surface. • Avoid excessive, prolonged pressure on soft tissue and circulatory and neurologic structures. • Use additional caution when positioning patients who are mentally incompetent or confused, comatose, very young or elderly, paralyzed, or lacking normal circulation or sensation.

Latin Abbreviations

JULLIANNE DANDAN · 43問 · 2年前

Latin Abbreviations