LEARNING andthe LEARNER

16問 • 2年前

問題一覧

- effective learning occurs when the senses are stimulated (Laird, 1985). By stimulating the senses, especially the visual sense, learning can be enhanced.

Sensory Stimulation Theory

(B.F. Skinner) Skinner believed that behavior is a function of its consequences. The learner will repeat the desired behavior if positive reinforcement (a pleasant consequence) follows the behavior.

Reinforcement theory

The emphasis is on the importance of experience, meaning, problem-solving and the development of insights. The theory has developed the concept that individuals have different needs and concerns at different times, and that they have subjective interpretations in different contexts

Cognitive-Gestalt approaches

'individual personality consists of many elements ... specifically ... the intellect, emotions, the body impulse (or desire), intuition and imagination that all require activation if learning is to be more effective.

Holistic Learning Theory

-Carl Rogers Learning will occur by the educator acting as a facilitator, that is by establishing an atmosphere in which learners feel comfortable to consider new ideas and are not threatened by external factors.

Facilitation Theory (the humanist approach)

People learn in four ways with the likelihood of developing one mode of learning more than another. - through concrete experience - through observation and reflection - through abstract conceptualization - through active experimentation

Experiential learning (Kolb)

Learning Principles

1.The learner must clearly perceive the goal. 2.The learner must be psychologically and physiologically ready. 3.The learner must be motivated. 4.The learner must be active not passive for maximum learning. 5.The learner must repeat or practice what he has learned in order to remember. 6. The learner must put together the parts of a task and perceive it as a meaningful whole. 7. The learner must see the significance, meanings, implications and applications that will make a given experience understandable. 8. The learner must be prepared to respond. 9. The process of problem solving and learning is highly unique and specific.

The person develops a general diffuse reaction to stimulus.

Signal Learning or Conditioned Response

This involves developing a voluntary response to a specific stimulus or combination of stimuli.

Stimulus-Response Learning

is the acquisition of a series of related conditioned responses or stimulus- response connections.

Chaining

is really a type of chaining and is easily recognized in the process of learning medical terminology.

Verbal Association

A great deal can be learned through forming large numbers of stimulus-response or verbal chains. **The more new chains that are learned, the easier it is to forget previous chains. **To learn and retain large numbers of chains, the person has to be able to discriminate among them.

Discrimination Learning

is learning how to classify stimuli into groups represented by a common concept.

Concept Learning

A rule can be considered a chain of concepts or a relationship between concepts

Rule Learning

To solve problems, the learner must have a clear idea of the problem or goal being sought and must be able to recall and apply previously learned rules that relate to the situation.

Problem Solving

Learning Styles

1. Both the style by which the educator prefers to teach and the style by which the learner prefers to learn can be identified. 2. Educators need to guard against relying on teaching methods and tools that match their own preferred learning styles. 3. Educators are most helpful when they assist learners in identifying and learning through their own style preferences. 4. Learners should have the opportunity to learn through their preferred style. 5. Learners should be encouraged to diversify their style preferences. 6. Educators can develop specific learning activities that reinforce each modality or style.

Latin Abbreviations

JULLIANNE DANDAN · 43問 · 2年前

Latin Abbreviations