Pmls P2

58問 • 2年前

問題一覧

Use words to introduce yourself, explain procedures, and reassure patients. Your tone and emphasis are important for conveying competence and comfort.

Verbal skills

Actively listen to patients by making eye contact, encouraging them to express their feelings, and giving them time to talk. Provide feedback and ask questions to encourage communication.

Listening skills

Use positive body language, such as facial expressions, posture, and eye contact, to show patients that you care about them and your work. This helps create a welcoming and supportive environment.

Nonverbal skills

Stops blood from clotting.

Anticoagulant

Slanted tip of a needle.

Bevel

A needle with tubing attached, often used for delicate veins.

Butterfly needle

A system for drawing blood using a vacuum tube and needle.

Evacuated tube system

The size of the needle bore.

Gauge

Cotton fabric used for cleaning and covering wounds.

Gauze

Clear plastic part of a needle.

Hub

Device for drawing fluids like blood.

Syringe

Rubber band used to stop blood flow and make veins more visible.

Tourniquet

It's a needle used with a vacuum tube system for drawing blood efficiently and safely.

Multiple-sample needle:

There's a safety shield to cover the needle after use to prevent injuries.

Multiple-sample needle:

One end punctures the vein, while the other pierces the rubber stopper on the blood collection tube.

Multiple-sample needle:

It's used with syringes for drawing blood or administering medications.

Hypodermic needle:

Comes in different sizes for different purposes, with a safety shield for protection.

Hypodermic needle:

It's used for fragile veins or when only a small amount of blood is needed, with a safety cover for protection.

Butterfly needle:

This needle has wings and tubing attached, allowing for gentle blood collection.

Butterfly needle:

Small chambers at the top of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs.

Two atria

Larger chambers at the bottom of the heart that pump blood to the body and lungs.

Two ventricles

Located between the atria and ventricles to prevent backflow of blood. Examples include the tricuspid valve on the right and the bicuspid/mitral valve on the left.

Atrioventricular valves

Located between the ventricles and arteries to control blood flow. Examples include the pulmonary valve on the right (leading to the pulmonary artery) and the aortic valve on the left (leading to the aorta).

Semilunar valves

Drain deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium.

Vena cavae (Superior and Inferior)

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pulmonary artery

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Pulmonary vein

Largest artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventric.

Aorta

The process of the heart contracting and relaxing during one heartbeat.The heart's contraction is myogenic, meaning it originates within the heart itself.

Cardiac Cycle

contraction phase of the heart

Systole

relaxation phase of the heart

Diastole

number of times the heart beats per minute; Normal value: 60-80 times/min

Heart rate

number of times the arteries create a noticeable pulse as a result of heart contraction.

Pulse rate

force of blood moving through the blood vessels;

Blood Pressure

red blood cells

Erythrocytes

white blood cells

Leukocytes

(platelets)

Thrombocytes

Leukocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes

Increased concentration of blood components in a specific area.

Hemoconcentration

Lack of fluid drainage in the lymph system.

Lymphostasis

The vein in the elbow area most commonly used for drawing blood

Median cubital vein:

Blood collection according to the lab's standard procedure.

Routine collection

Immediate collection, from the Latin word "statim."

Stat

Blocked by a blood clot.

Thrombosed

Blood collection scheduled for a specific time.

Timed collection

These are patients who are already admitted to the hospital. To

Inpatients

These are patients who come to the hospital for tests or treatment but aren't admitted.

Inpatients

These are patients who arrive at the hospital in an emergency situation without any ID.

Unidentified Emergency Patients

Some tests need fasting or a specific diet before blood collection. If these aren't followed, accurate results can't be guaranteed. Don't collect blood if requirements aren't met.

Special Requirements

Blood must be drawn at the specified time. If not, results might not be accurate. If there's a discrepancy, report it and follow instructions given by the appropriate person.

Timed Collections

Don't draw blood from arms with ___ because it can mix with the IV fluid, giving incorrect results. If both arms have IV lines, pause one for a few minutes before drawing blood.

IV Lines

Avoid drawing blood from the side of a ___ to prevent complications with lymph drainage. This also applies to areas with lymph node surgery or radiation.

Mastectomy

Don't draw blood from areas with bruises, as it can be painful and affect the accuracy of results. Instead, choose a different spot or draw from farther away.

Hematomas

Avoid areas with scar tissue as it can be tough to puncture and cause discomfort for the patient.

Scar Tissue

Don't draw blood from sites with fistulas or cannulas, as they're used for medical procedures and not suitable for blood collection.

Fistula/Cannula

Avoid veins with blood clots or those affected by chemotherapy as they may not yield enough blood for testing

Thrombosed Veins

Swollen limbs due to fluid retention may give inaccurate results, so avoid drawing blood from them.

Edematous Limbs:

Don't draw blood from arms receiving blood transfusions, as it may mix with the transfused blood and affect test results.

Blood Transfusions

Avoid drawing blood from burned areas as they're prone to infection and can be very painful for the patient.

Burned Areas

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