Biostat L3

63問 • 1年前

Reviewer

通報

問題一覧

The amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community

Endemic

Observed level.

Endemic

Often regarded as the expected level of the disease.

Endemic

Refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area, like a state or country.

Endemic

Sporadic refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly.

Endemic

endemic in the Philippines

Capillaria philippinensis

is often used for a more limited geographic area

Outbreak

A higher number of cases than expected in an area within a certain time period.

Outbreak

Amount of disease in a community rises above the expected level

Outbreak

The Quezon City government has declared an outbreak of ____ after recording 23 cases and four deaths, primarily affecting infants aged 22 to 60 days old between January and March 20.

pertussis

Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area.

Epidemic

Example: HIV and Tuberculosis

Epidemic

▪ A recent increase in amount or virulence of the agent

Epidemic

The recent introduction of the agent into a setting where it has not been before

Epidemic

▪ An enhanced mode of transmission so that more susceptible persons are exposed,

Epidemic

▪ A change in the susceptibility of the host response to the agent, and/or

Epidemic

Factors that increase host exposure or involve introduction through new portals of entry

Epidemic

▪ Common-source

Epidemic

Point

Epidemic

Continuous

Epidemic

Intermittent

Epidemic

Propagated

Epidemic

Mixed

Epidemic

Refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people

Pandemic

Example: SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV)

Pandemic

Series of events that must happen to cause infection.

Chain of Infection

Comprises of sequential stages

Chain of Infection

ary depending on the microbe and the disease it causes.

Chain of Infection

Transmission of the infection is stopped by breaking one or more of the components of the chain

Chain of Infection

Microorganisms or “germs” that can cause disease or illness.

Infectious agent

Derived from the Greek, meaning “that which produces suffering.”

Pathogen

Habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.

Reservoir

Include humans, animals, and the environment

Reservoir

Many common infectious diseases have human reservoirs. Diseases are transmitted from person to person

Human reservoirs

Diseases are transmitted from animal to animal, with humans as incidental hosts.

Animal reservoirs

Refers to an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

Zoonosis

Plants, soil, and water reservoirs.

Environmental reservoirs

Path by which a pathogen leaves its host.

Portal of Exit

It corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized

Portal of Exit

Direct or indirect transmission

Modes of Transmission

Direct or droplet transmission

Direct transmission

Airborne transmission, vehicles or vectors transmission.

Indirect transmission

Skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse.

Direct contact

Refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking.

Droplet

Refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host.

Portal of Entry

Provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act.

Portal of Entry

The final link in the chain of infection

Host

Susceptibility of a ____ depends on genetic or constitutional factors, specific immunity, and nonspecific factors that affect an individual’s ability to resist infection or to limit pathogenicity.

Host

Extremes of age

Host Factors

Underlying disease

Host Factors

HIV/AIDS

Host Factors

Malignancy

Host Factors

Transplants

Host Factors

Medications that alter the normal flora

Host Factors

Infectivity

Agent Factors

Pathogenicity

Agent Factors

Virulence

Agent Factors

Size of inoculum

Agent Factors

Route of exposure

Agent Factors

Duration of exposure

Agent Factors

Contamination of environment and equipment

Environmental Factors

Availability of means transmission

Environmental Factors

Temperature and humidity

Environmental Factors

PMLS

Reviewer · 87問 · 2年前

PMLS

87問 • 2年前

Reviewer

ANAPHY

Reviewer · 101問 · 2年前

ANAPHY

101問 • 2年前

Reviewer

Anaphy P2

Reviewer · 100問 · 2年前

Anaphy P2

Anaphy P2 (2)

Anaphy P2 (2)

Contemporary World

Contemporary World

Pmls P2

Pmls P2

hes p3

Reviewer · 100問 · 1年前

hes p3

Anachem

Anachem

sjc l1

sjc l1

bio lab1 pic

bio lab1 pic

sjc L2

sjc L2

sjc L3&L4

sjc L3&L4

HIS L3

HIS L3

HIS L4

HIS L4

HIS L5

HIS L5

HIS L3

HIS L3

PSTM L3-L5

PSTM L3-L5

P1 Reviewer

P1 Reviewer

CPH P2

CPH P2

P2 Mod

P2 Mod

ANCH P2

ANCH P2

ANCH P2 MOD

ANCH P2 MOD

CPH

CPH

HIS

HIS

CFU ANCH P1-P3

CFU ANCH P1-P3

anch

anch

ANCH P2 Terms

ANCH P2 Terms

BIOSTAT FINALS (1)

Reviewer · 100問 · 1年前

BIOSTAT FINALS (1)

BIOSTAT FINALS (2)

BIOSTAT FINALS (2)

BIOSTAT FORMULA

BIOSTAT FORMULA

CFU CPH 1-5

CFU CPH 1-5

CFU CPH 6-16

CFU CPH 6-16

CFU CPH 17-23

CFU CPH 17-23

CFU HIS P1

CFU HIS P1

CFU HIS P2

CFU HIS P2

CFU HIS P3

CFU HIS P3

BIOSTAT FORMULA

BIOSTAT FORMULA

Mod 1-7

Mod 1-7

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 3

Mod 4

Mod 4

Mod 6

Mod 6

Mod 1-6

Mod 1-6

Mod 7

Mod 7

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 3

Mod 4

Mod 4

Mod 5

Mod 5

Mod 6

Mod 6

Mod 1-7

Mod 1-7

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 3

Mod 4

Mod 4

Mod 5

Mod 5

Mod 6

Mod 6

Mod 7

Mod 7

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 3

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 7

Mod 7

Mod 6

Mod 6

Mod 1

Mod 1

Mod 5

Mod 5

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 4

Mod 4

Mod 7

Mod 7

Mod 5

Mod 5

Mod 6

Mod 6

Mod 2

Mod 2

Mod 3

Mod 3

Mod 4

Mod 4

Mod 5

Mod 5

Lab Management

Lab Management

Biochemistry

Biochemistry

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics

問題一覧

The amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community

Endemic

Observed level.

Endemic

Often regarded as the expected level of the disease.

Endemic

Refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area, like a state or country.

Endemic

Sporadic refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly.

Endemic

endemic in the Philippines

Capillaria philippinensis

is often used for a more limited geographic area

Outbreak

A higher number of cases than expected in an area within a certain time period.

Outbreak

Amount of disease in a community rises above the expected level

Outbreak

The Quezon City government has declared an outbreak of ____ after recording 23 cases and four deaths, primarily affecting infants aged 22 to 60 days old between January and March 20.

pertussis

Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area.

Epidemic

Example: HIV and Tuberculosis

Epidemic

▪ A recent increase in amount or virulence of the agent

Epidemic

The recent introduction of the agent into a setting where it has not been before

Epidemic

▪ An enhanced mode of transmission so that more susceptible persons are exposed,

Epidemic

▪ A change in the susceptibility of the host response to the agent, and/or

Epidemic

Factors that increase host exposure or involve introduction through new portals of entry

Epidemic

▪ Common-source

Epidemic

Point

Epidemic

Continuous

Epidemic

Intermittent

Epidemic

Propagated

Epidemic

Mixed

Epidemic

Refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people

Pandemic

Example: SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV)

Pandemic

Series of events that must happen to cause infection.

Chain of Infection

Comprises of sequential stages

Chain of Infection

ary depending on the microbe and the disease it causes.

Chain of Infection

Transmission of the infection is stopped by breaking one or more of the components of the chain

Chain of Infection

Microorganisms or “germs” that can cause disease or illness.

Infectious agent

Derived from the Greek, meaning “that which produces suffering.”

Pathogen

Habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.

Reservoir

Include humans, animals, and the environment

Reservoir

Many common infectious diseases have human reservoirs. Diseases are transmitted from person to person

Human reservoirs

Diseases are transmitted from animal to animal, with humans as incidental hosts.

Animal reservoirs

Refers to an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

Zoonosis

Plants, soil, and water reservoirs.

Environmental reservoirs

Path by which a pathogen leaves its host.

Portal of Exit

It corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized

Portal of Exit

Direct or indirect transmission

Modes of Transmission

Direct or droplet transmission

Direct transmission

Airborne transmission, vehicles or vectors transmission.

Indirect transmission

Skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse.

Direct contact

Refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking.

Droplet

Refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host.

Portal of Entry

Provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act.

Portal of Entry

The final link in the chain of infection

Host

Susceptibility of a ____ depends on genetic or constitutional factors, specific immunity, and nonspecific factors that affect an individual’s ability to resist infection or to limit pathogenicity.

Host

Extremes of age

Host Factors

Underlying disease

Host Factors

HIV/AIDS

Host Factors

Malignancy

Host Factors

Transplants

Host Factors

Medications that alter the normal flora

Host Factors

Infectivity

Agent Factors

Pathogenicity

Agent Factors

Virulence

Agent Factors

Size of inoculum

Agent Factors

Route of exposure

Agent Factors

Duration of exposure

Agent Factors

Contamination of environment and equipment

Environmental Factors

Availability of means transmission

Environmental Factors

Temperature and humidity

Environmental Factors