PMLS

87問 • 2年前

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The following are reasons for doing laboratory testing:

Prevention or early detection of disease through screening tests, Ongoing assessment of patient’s progress and treatment., To assign diagnosis

Examination of various specimens for abnormal cells, chromosomal studies, Pap smears.

Cytology

Blood typing, antibody screening and crossmatching for transfusion may also be performed in this department.

Immunohematology/Bloodbanking

Identification of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic and sensitivity testing is done in this department.

Microbiology & Parasitology

Coagulation testing is also performed in this department.

Hematology section

The area of the laboratory where all incoming specimens are sorted.

Specimen processing

Urine chemical and microscopic analysis is performed.

Clinical Microscopy section

This usually indicates direction, number, position, size, presence or absence, or time

Prefixes

Are the main part of a word and may be combined with prefixes, suffixes, or other roots.

Word root

In medical terminology, this often indicate a condition or a type of procedure.

Suffixes

BUN means

Blood Urea Nitrogen

EDTA means

Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid

It generally offers laboratory testing that meets the needs of their respective institution. It may also offer another method for testing samples, called point-of-care testing (POCT).

Hospital Laboratories

This type of laboratory can be advantageous because the results for tests performed on site are available quickly and patient treatment can begin immediately if necessary. It is where laboratory testing is carried out on specimens obtained from the practices’ own patients.

Physician's Office Laboratories

Medical assistants may also perform ____ and assist with quality assurance in the laboratory. The comprehensive training received by medical assistants allows them to perform clinical duties with ____.

point-of care testing, direct patient contact

This form will list the results for the test performed as well as the reference ranges.

Laboratory Report

Additional information about specimen collection and handling may be found in this form.

Laboratory Directory

It is the form used by a physician to document the tests that are to be performed for a patient.

Laboratory Requisition

Pre-analytical:

Test ordering, Wrong labelling, Entering patient information, Taking samples, Sample identification

Analytical Phase:

Automated specimen analysis, Measuring samples, quality control, Calibration of reagents

Post-analytical phase:

Reporting out specimen results, result conveyed to physician

It is an infection acquired by a patient during a hospital stay.

Nosocomial infection

It is an infection acquired by a patient as the result of a health-care procedure that may or may not require a hospital stay.

Healthcare-acquired infection

The development and practical application of measures that promote cleanliness and protect health.

Sanitation

Destruction of pathogens by chemical or physical means.

Disinfection

The invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms which can lead to tissue damage and disease.

Infection

Absence of significant contamination.

Asepsis

Class K:

Grease, oil, fats

Wood, paper and clothing; water is acceptable

Class A

To remove PPE in a way that avoids self-contamination.

Doffing

To put on and use PPE properly.

Donning

The following act as a Portal if exit:

droplets, secretion, excretion

The following act as a Portal of entry

skin, mucus membrane, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract

The following acts as reservoir:

water, people, equipment

The following act as an infectious agent:

protozoa, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite

Small single celled organisms not visible to the human eye without the help of a microscope.

Microorganism

Single-celled organisms that have a cell wall in addition to the cell membrane that our human cells possess. Cocci, bacilli and spirillum are examples of bacteria

Bacteria

They are the smallest infectious agent, and are not really cells.

Virus

These are plant-like organisms that flourish in an environment that is dark and damp.

Fungi

They take their nourishment from the host and require their host cells to reproduce, but they do not utilize the human cell.

Parasite

This means that there must be a piercing of the skin, direct blood-to-blood contact.

Parenteral exposure

It is term used to describe any pathogenic microorganism found in human blood that can cause disease in humans.

Bloodborne pathogen

It is a term used to describe a procedure that allows patient be treated without exposure to pathogenic microorganisms

Medical Asepsis

It means that all the pathogenic organisms have been destroyed before they enter the body.

Surgical asepsis

The following is a good aseptic practice in medical setting

Disinfect area between patient Well ventilated, well lit and free dust Limit access of nonessential personnel

Which is in the following is true?

Antibiotics are not effective on other microbes, such as viruses and yeast.

It is used to force the separation of the cells from the fluid portion of the blood. Always use the nosepiece when moving from one objective to another objective.

Centrifuge

It may be used to heat specimens as part of specific testing procedures.

Water bath

It is an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects typically magnified several hundred times.

Microscope

Allows for much greater magnification of specimens and also provides a 3D image. This type of microscope is not routinely found in clinical laboratories, as it requires specialized training to operate it.

Electron Microscope

Most common type of microscope used in general laboratory setting?

Compound Microscope

The light source for this type of microscope is diffused onto the image rather than shone directly through it.

Stereo Microscope

Symptoms usually resolve within months.

Hepatitis A

The following have a vaccination available:

Hepa A & B

Mode of transmission for Hepatitis A:

food, water, fecal-oral route

Which is true?

Always use the nosepiece when moving from one objective to another objective.

All are for centrifuge safety:

It is important that the centrifuge is balanced before starting., Remember not to open the centrifuge before it stops spinning completely., It is very important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

It can be measured using Instrument for Chemistry testing.

Glycosylated hemoglobin monitoring

Part of a light source in microscope:

Iris diaphragm, condenser, light source

This may be used to store, transfer, or heat liquids.

Beaker/Erlenmeyer flask

It is use for transferring or measuring out small quantities of liquid.

Pipette

Common chemical substances that are detected in urine reagent strip:

glucose, pH level, bilirubin, nitrite, urobilinogen, protein

A turbidity of the serum or plasma sample caused by increased lipids.

Lipemia/Lipemic

It used to describe a serum or plasma sample that is bright to dark yellow due to excess bilirubin.

Icteric

Rupture or destruction of Red Blood Cells.

Hemolysis

Increased in plasma or serum; decreased concentration of red blood cells.

Hemodilution

Decreased plasma or serum; increased concentration of red blood cells.

Hemoconcentration

Approximately 32-75% of testing errors happen in this phase.

Pre-analytical phase:

It is the amount of time to complete a whole process.

TAT (turn-around-time)

This involves all the complex steps that must take place before a sample can be analyzed.

Pre-analysis

This refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for a minimum of 12 hrs.

Basal state

A tube additive that accelerates clotting.

Clot activator

A tube additive that prevents blood clotting.

Anticoagulant

Small, thin piece of glass that is placed on top of liquid specimen on glass slide before viewing.

Cover slip

Level of Analytes in Tobacco smoking decreases:

sperm count and motility, eosinophils, antibodies, vit b12

All can cause hemolysis:

Excessive pull of plunger, Shaking test tubes vigorously, Performing blood collection after the alcohol has not dried up.

Which is true?

To avoid problems with hemoconcentration and hemodilution, the patient should be seated in a supine position for 15-20 minutes before the blood is drawn.

Which is true?

A test order should have a complete patient demographics.

This are policies for handling mislabeled specimen:

Do not assume any information about the specimen. Do not relabel an incorrectly labeled specimen. Do not discard the specimen that is mislabeled. Leave specimen exactly as you received it until resolved.

Reasons for specimen rejection:

Discrepancies in request and specimen, Unlabeled specimen, Short draw sample

Tests that require Chain of Custody are the following:

HIV, Nucleic acid, drug testing, send-out test

Test tube without anticoagulant

Red top/yellow

Test tube used for Blood typing

ANY TOP, EDTA

Test tube for HbA1c

EDTA, purple, lavender

Test tube for coagulation testing

Blue Top

Correct order of tube distribution for CSF?

Tube 1: Chemistry, Tube 2: Microbiology, Tube 3: Hematology

Correct order of tube distribution for CSF?

Blood culture Coagulation Chemistry CBC

ANAPHY

Reviewer · 101問 · 2年前

ANAPHY