Lesson 9&10 - How Layers of Rocks Form

26問 • 1年前

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the process leading to the formation or deposition of layers, especially of the sedimentary rocks.

stratification

may range from thin sheets that cover many square kilometers to thick lens like bodies that extend only a few meters lateral.

strata

The rock layers are formed by ___ and ___ of mountains and the particles are transported and deposited in the sedimentary basin, then the sediment particles are cemented over hundreds of years to form layers.

erosion and weathering

formed particle by particle and bed by bed, and the layers are piled one on top of the other. Thus, in any sequence of layered rocks ,a given bed must be older than any bed on top of it.

sedimentary rocks

one of the principles of geology scientists use to determine the relative ages of rock strata, or layers. The oldest rock strata will be on the bottom and the youngest at the top.

Law of Superposition

states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity. It suggests that all rock layers are originally laid down (deposited) horizontally and can later be deformed.

Law of Horizontality

states that the layers of rock are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition or until they are acted upon by agents that appear after deposition takes place such as erosion and fault movements.

law of lateral continuity

methods of relative dating rocks

stratigraphy

methods of dati g rocks

absolute rocks

layered rocks formed due to the deposition of items such as sand and silt near the riverbeds, forming layers on top of each other.

stratified rocks

the technique used to determine the age by comparing the historical remains to the nearby layers. It is a less advanced technique when compared to absolute dating.

relative dating

technique assumes that the lowest layer is the oldest while the topmost layer is the youngest layer. It is one of the oldest methods of relative dating.

stratigraphy

In this technique, the faunal deposits such as fossils of dead animals are used to establish a strategy for dating. It is an extended version of the stratigraphy.

biostratigraphy

the fossils of one layer are compared with another layer with known dating.

cross dating

is a technique that determines the exact numerical age of a historical remaining. Since it evaluates the exact age of the sample, absolute aging is also called numerical dating.

absolute dating

four techniqies in absolute dating

radiometric dating

determines the age of the sample by measuring the amount of a particular radioactive isotope present in the sample.

change in the protein content of a biological sample can be used to determine the age. A particular form of living being may have a defined protein content in their bodies that deteriorates with time.

number of annual growth rings of a dicot is used in this technique to determine the age of the tree.

technique determines the final period during which the object absorbs light, emitting electrons. The age is determined for the emissions.

It determines if an object/event is younger or older than another object/event from history. • is qualitative.

It determines the age of a rock/object using radiometric techniques. • Absolute dating is quantitative.

This technique helps determine the relative age of the remains. • It is less specific

This technique helps determine the exact age of the remains. • It is more specific

is comparatively less expensive and time-efficient. • It works best for sedimentary rocks having layered arrangement of sediments

relative dating

is expensive and time-consuming. • Itworks best for igneous and metamorphic rocks.

absolute dating

AP module 1 - 2

Someone_ 98 · 36問 · 2年前

AP module 1 - 2