Lesson 5 - Exogenic Processes

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responsible for shaping the Earth’s surface and forming the geologic features seen on the earth’s surface

exogenic process

Exogenic Processes

Weathering

breakdown of rocks at the earth’s surface by the action of water, ice, acids, salts, plants, anomals, gravity, and changing temperatures

Weathering

Types of Weathering

Physical Weathering

Caused by the effects of changing temperatures on rocks, causing rocks to break apart

physical weathering

examples of physical weathering

swiftly moving water

Types of physical weathering

Freeze Thaw

Type of physical weathering wherein water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart

Freeze thaw

It can happen as cracks develop parallel to the land surface as a consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion. Heat Temperature

Exfoliation

Caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts.

Chemical Weathering

Types of Chemical Weathering

Carbonation

carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater and becomes weakly acidic. This weak “carbonic acid” can dissolve limestone as it seeps into cracks and cavities.

carbonation

the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts. takes place when acid rain reacts with rock-forming minerals such as feldspar to produce clay and salts that are removed in solution.

Hydrolysis

a type of chemical weathering where water reacts chemically with the rocks, modifying its chemical structure.

Hydration

the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron- rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.

Oxidation

Occurs when rocks are weakened by different biological agents like plants and animals. When plant roots grow through rocks, it creates fracture and cracks that result eventually to rock breakage.

Biological Weathering

Classification of Biological Weathering

biological weathering by physical means

Burrowing of animals like shrews, moles, and earthworms create holes on the ground by excavation and move the rock fragments to the surface

Biological Weathering by Physical Means

Breakdown of rocks by oxygen and water often giving iron- rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.

Biological Weathering by Chemical Compounds

is the process by which soil and rock particles are worn away and moved elsewhere by gravity, or by a moving transport agent – wind, water or ice.

Erosion

Types of erosion

Wind erosion

occurs in flat bare areas or dry, sandy and loose soils. It detaches soil particles and transports them by the wind.

Wind erosion

The moving of glaciers, Change in shape of land, Entire rocks are moved due to an avalanche

Glacial Erosion

the most common erosion agent. Millions of tons of sediments are picked up and transported everyday along rivers, coasts, and in deep oceans around the world.

Water Erosion

or a mass movement, is the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to gravity. It is also a natural hazard that can cause damage to life and property.

Mass wasting

Incidents of Mass Wasting

Feb 17, 2006 - Southern Leyte

Examples of Mass Wasting

Rock Fall

Factors of Mass Wasting

Increased Water

the process in which the sediments is dropping in a new place.

Deposition

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