responsible for shaping the Earth’s surface and forming the geologic features seen on the earth’s surface

Exogenic Processes

breakdown of rocks at the earth’s surface by the action of water, ice, acids, salts, plants, anomals, gravity, and changing temperatures

Types of Weathering

Caused by the effects of changing temperatures on rocks, causing rocks to break apart

examples of physical weathering

Types of physical weathering

Type of physical weathering wherein water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart

It can happen as cracks develop parallel to the land surface as a consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion. Heat Temperature

Caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals (clays) and soluble salts.

Types of Chemical Weathering

carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater and becomes weakly acidic. This weak “carbonic acid” can dissolve limestone as it seeps into cracks and cavities.

the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts. takes place when acid rain reacts with rock-forming minerals such as feldspar to produce clay and salts that are removed in solution.

a type of chemical weathering where water reacts chemically with the rocks, modifying its chemical structure.

the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron- rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.

Occurs when rocks are weakened by different biological agents like plants and animals. When plant roots grow through rocks, it creates fracture and cracks that result eventually to rock breakage.

Classification of Biological Weathering

Burrowing of animals like shrews, moles, and earthworms create holes on the ground by excavation and move the rock fragments to the surface

Breakdown of rocks by oxygen and water often giving iron- rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.

is the process by which soil and rock particles are worn away and moved elsewhere by gravity, or by a moving transport agent – wind, water or ice.

Types of erosion

occurs in flat bare areas or dry, sandy and loose soils. It detaches soil particles and transports them by the wind.

The moving of glaciers, Change in shape of land, Entire rocks are moved due to an avalanche

the most common erosion agent. Millions of tons of sediments are picked up and transported everyday along rivers, coasts, and in deep oceans around the world.

or a mass movement, is the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to gravity. It is also a natural hazard that can cause damage to life and property.

Incidents of Mass Wasting

Examples of Mass Wasting

Factors of Mass Wasting

the process in which the sediments is dropping in a new place.