the uppermost layer of the earth. It originates from parent rock and contains both organic and substances.

refer to the natural qualities, composition, and services provided by soil that are essential for life on Earth.

soil composition

Soil horizon

, topmost layer

, mostly inorganic minerals with some organic materials and humus mixed in, crucial for plant growth

____ horizon; loss of minerals by leaching, a process whereby solid materials are dissolved and transported away. only found in forested areas, light colored

zone of accumulation or deposition of leached minerals and organic acids from above, clay, and minerals, (iron, aluminum, and calcium)

slightly altered parent material

bedrock

REMARKABLE WAYS TO PROTECT AND CONSERVE SOIL

As the tree grows, its roots become even more secure in the soil. This soil is protected in numerous ways because of the trees existence. Erosion is prevented from this

type of planting is done by maximizing the topography of the land. It benefits from the way the rain water flows naturally. This is a way to protect the soil from erosion. It is also a proven method to encourage growth from moist soil areas.

approach that allows crops to remain in place for a season. This keeps the soil from being left bare and unprotected

following the natural contours when tilling the soil, planting and cultivating. It mitigates the impacts of floods, storms and landslides on the crops

accomplished by planting and growing a serious of different crops in the same soil. This process prevents overgrowth of pathogens and a lack of fertility.

indication of the acidity or alkalinity of soil and is measured in pH units. A pH range of approximately 6 to 7 promotes the readiest availability of plant nutrients.

simple process that provides a lot of benefits to the soil. doing this along with plants and vegetables is important. This helps to not only nourish the soil but to protect it. Moist soil is not in danger of erosion due to wind activity.

Trees as well as other plants and vegetation in the forest are important in the creation of new soil as leaves and other vegetation rot and decompose.

native crop options that enhance the soil. Planting these is a way to ensure conservation efforts.

human activity and soil

one of the traditional sources of income in our country done by planting crops or raising livestock.

one of the traditional sources of income in our country done by planting crops or raising livestock.

positive effect of farming

damage soil microorganisms and expose new predators.