Mineral in pencil

Mineral inf table salt

mineral inf cellphone

mineral on car

mineral in roads

defined as a naturally-occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an ordered internal structure, is unique, but they exhibit general characteristics.

Characteristics of Minerals

Minerals exist naturally. Steel and synthetic diamonds are created artificially, and not minerals.

Minerals are limited to substances formed through inorganic processes, and exclude materials derived from living organisms which involved organic processes.

All liquids and gases - even those that are not naturally formed such as petroleum are not considered minerals.

Always contain certain elements in the same proportion. • Almost all minerals are composed of two or more elements bonded together

The atoms in minerals are organized in a regular, repetitive geometric pattern or crystal structure. Substances that fulfill all the requirements but do not have an ordered internal structure are called

physical properties of minerals

refers to the overall shape or growth pattern of the minerals. ___ a set of crystal faces that are related to each other by symmetry.

it has globular or rounded shapes resembling a cluster of grapes.

Describes the appearance of mineral when light is reflected from its surface. It can be described as opaque, transparent, dull or shiny.

is paque and very reflective like gold and silver.

- is dull, silky.,.greasy and pearly. like silicates

refers to the tendency of minerals to break along very smooth, flat and very shiny surfaces

may break along random and irregular surfaces.

Is the measure of the mineral's resistance to scratching. • Harder minerals will scratch softer minerals

scale used to measure hardness

one of the most obvious properties of minerals but not reliable alone. • Some minerals come in just one color while others come in different color an varieties.

the color of the minerals in its powdered form. • It can be obtained by rubbing the mineral on an abrasive ceramic tile called ___.

Othwr properties

chemical compositions of minerals

Chemical properties that are naturally occurring in nature in an uncombined form with a distinct minerals structure. It can be classified as metals, semimetals and nonmetals

This is the largest group of minerals. It contains silicon and oxygen, with some aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium.

Used in Jewelries, Medicines, and Denastry and Financial txchanoe

Used in Microchips, Glass and Ceramics, Watch and Clock

It is formed from the combination of a metal and oxygen. This group ranges from dull ores like bauxite to gems like rubies and sapphires.

Used in Inorganic Sunscreen, Coloring agents, Alkali batteries, Cosmetica

These are made of compounds of sulfur usually with a metal. They tend to be heavy and brittie.

Used in Photocells, Intrared sensors, Photoluminescent Strips

These are made of compounds of sulfur combined with motals and oxygen. It is a large group of minerals that tend to be soft and translucent.

Used in Epsom Salt, Plaster, Mineral Supplements, and Algaecide

Elements with Halogen and Metal(?)

Used in Metol Halide lamps, Steel, Metal Halide Salt, Rock Salt

These are group of minerals made by carbon, oxygen and metallic element.

Used in Carbon Paper, Soap and Detergent

They are often formed when other minerals are broken down by weathering. They are often brightly colored.

Used in Phoschote Fertilizer. Heaith Nutrients, phosphate salt

are naturally occurring, coherent aggregate of minerals or solid materials such as glass or organic matter.

They are the hardest and heaviest rock on earth. They are also called the 'new' rocks or magmatic rocks. Sometimes they are referred to as parent rock because all other rock types are formed from them.

These rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten material, either magma or lava.

The interlocking texture of grains • The presence of vesicles (holes) in extrusive igneous rocks • May be dark-colored and heavy • May display two grain-sizes, one much larger than the other.

Types of Igneous Rocks

develop when magma is trapped deep inside the earth and solidifies without ever reaching the surface. The magma cools and solidifies very slowly over thousands or millions of years in chambers of pre-existing rocks

igneous rocks are formed on the earth’s surface when lava exists and cools almost instantly when exposed to a relatively cool temperature in the atmosphere

They are made from deposits of preexisting rocks or remains of once-living organisms due to the compression of ocean sediments and other processes. They are commonly found near sources of water, like riverbeds, oceans, ponds, and coasts. Sedimentary rocks are also found in deserts and caves.

Grains cemented together The presence of fossils Light-colored and light weight May display interlocking grains but is very light weight

types of sedimentary rocks

sedimentary rocks derived from mechanical weathering.

sedimentary rocks from when dissolved minerals precipitate.

formed by the accumulated sedimentary debris caused by organic processes. These may contain fossils of plants and animals trapped in the sediments as the rock was formed.

form due to the transformation of preexisting rocks in response to environmental changes such as heat, high pressure, and mechanical stress.

The interlocking texture of large grains Foliation (layering) Banded light and dark colors “ching” sound instead of a “chunk” sound when tapped

types of metamorphic rocks

Have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure. This plating process creates thin layers and directional patterns in the rocks.

Do not have a layered or banded appearance. Under high pressure, the minerals compress however they do not align into sheets or platy layers