Lesson 7&8 - TECTONIC PROCESSES

24問 • 1年前

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three main types of stress

tensional stress

causes rocks to be pulled apart that result to lengthening and break apart. This type of stress can be found at divergent plate boundaries

causes rocks to fold or fracture. It squeezes rocks together. is the most common type of stress in convergent plate boundaries.

happens when forces slide pass each other in opposite direction which results to slippage and translation. This is the most common stress found in transform plate boundaries.

geologic structures

fault

formed when rocks experienced compressive stress and deformed plastically. It causes bending of rocks.

folds

three types of folds

monocline

simple bend in the rock layers where the oldest rocks are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

fold that arches upward where the oldest rocks are found at the center. The youngest rocks are covered over them at the top of the structure.

fold that bends downward which rocks are curved down to a center.

rock under ample stress can crack, or fracture. The fracture is called a joint because there is a block of rock left standing on either side of a fracture line. The ___ is the rock that place on top the fault, while the ____ wall is below the fault.

classification of faults

normal faults

the most common faults at divergent boundaries. In relation to the footwall, it develops as the hanging wall drops down. East African Rift is one of the examples of this type of fault.

type of fault is most common at the convergent boundaries. It forms when the hanging wall moves up. It creates the world’s highest mountain ranges such as Himalayas Mountains and Rocky Mountains.

type of faults formed when the walls move sideways. It can be either right lateral or left lateral. It is mostly common on transform plate boundaries. The most popular example of this type is San Andreas Fault.

massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock. It can be divided into continental and oceanic plates.

tectonic plates

movement of tectonic plates

divergent plate boundaries

occurs when two plates collide. _____ zones occur when one or both tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. The denser plate is subducted underneath the less dense plate. This creates large mountain ranges. The most spectacular example of this is the Himalayas.

convergent plate boundaries, subduction zones

occur when two plates move away from each other. The most active divergent plate boundaries are between oceanic plates, which is called ________s (in seafloor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts or flow out.) This is also known as the underwater mountain range.

divergent plate boundaries, mid-oceanic ridges

where plates slide passed each other. The relative motion is _____. It can occur underwater or on land. In the process, the crust is neither destroyed nor created. Due to this friction, the plates cannot simply glide past each other. As a result, stress builds up in both plates. When it surpasses the threshold of the rocks, energy is released, which can cause _____.

device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then record the echoes of these sound waves, many people believed that the ocean floor was a completely a flat surface.

sonar

During World War II, using the _____ that were attached to ships scientists discovered a lot about the magnetic properties of the seafloor.

magnetometers

Less than 100 million years ago the supercontinent ____ had existed. Because of tectonic forces and processes, the supercontinent breaks apart and ocean basins are formed.

Pangea

cover the largest area of the earth’s surface. Formed from volcanic rock that was released from the fissures that is located at the mid-ocean ridges, which is an underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics. ______ basin is the largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin. More trenches, and more frequent tsunamis happen here. It has been shaped by plate tectonic

ocean basins, pacific ocean basins

AP module 1 - 2

Someone_ 98 · 36問 · 2年前

AP module 1 - 2