pmls clinical laboratory

34問 • 2年前

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the place where specimens (eg, blood and other body fluids, tissues, feces, hair, nails) collected from individuals are procemed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed, Clinical laboratories vary according to size, function, and the complexity of tests performed

clincial laboratory

TAT

turnaround time

is a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of clinical chemistry, immunobematology and blood banking, medical microbiology, immunology and serology, hematology, parasitology, clinical microscopy, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and endocrinology, among others. It is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases performed through laboratory testing of blood and other body fluids

clinical pathology

a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy, and forensic pathology among others. It is concerned with the diagnosis of diseases through microscopic examination of tissues and organs.

anatomical pathology

According to Institutional Characteristics

institution-based free standing

a clinical laboratory that operates within the premises or part of an institution such as a hospital, school, medical clinic, medical facility for overseas workers and seafarers, birthing home, psychiatric facility, drug rehabilitation center, and others. Hospital-based clinical laboratories are the most common example of institution- based laboratories.

institution based

clinical laboratory is not part of an established institution. The most common example is a free-standing out-patient clinical laboratory

free standing

clinical laboratories are owned, wholly or partially, by national or local government units. Examples are the clinical and anatomical laboratories of DOH- run government hospitals like the San Lazaro Hospital, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital and local government- run hospital-based clinical laboratories of the Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, Sta. Ana Hospital, and Bulacan Medical Center

Government-owned

clinical laboratories are owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization. Examples are St. Luke's Medical Center, Makati Medical Center, and MCU-FDTMF Hospital.

privately-owned

are licensed to perform basie, rout laboratory testing, namely, routine urinalysis, routine stool examination, routin hematology or complete blood count that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC and RBC count, WBC differential count and qualitative platelet count, blood typing, and Gram staining (if hospital-based). Equipment requirements are, but not limited to microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge. Space requirement is at least 10 square meters.

primary category

licensed to perform laboratory tests being done by the primary category clinical laboratories along with routine clinical chemistry tests like blood glucose concentration blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, blood creatinine, cholesterol determination qualitative platelet count, and if hospital-based, Gram stain, KOH mount, and crossmatching. A minimum requirement of 20 square meters is needed for the floor area of this type of laboratory. Personnel requirement depends on the workload. Minimum equipment requirements are microscopes, centrifuge, Hematocrit centrifuge, sem automated chemistry analyzers, autoclave, incubator, and oven.

secondary category

are licensed to perform all the laboratory tests performed in the secondary category laboratory plus (1) immunology and serology (e.g., NS1-Ag for dengue, rapid plasma reagin, Treponema pallidum partiele agglutination tests); (2) microbiology, bacteriology, and mycology (e.g., differential staining techniques, culture and identification of bacteria and fungi from specimens, antimicrobial susceptibility testing); (3) special clinical chemistry (e.g., clinical enzymology, therapeutic drug monitoring, markers for certain diseases); (4) special hematology (e.g., bone marrow studies, special staining for abnormal blood cells, red cell orphology); and (3) immunohematology and blood banking (e.g., blood donation program, antibody screening and identification, preparation of blood components) at least 60 square meters. Equipment requirements include those seen in secondary category laboratories along with automated chemistry analyzer, biosafety cabinet class II, serofuge, among

tertiary category

is a laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases. These functions include referral services, provision of confirmatory testing, assistance for research activities, implementation of External Quality Assurance Programs (EQAP) of the government, resolution of conflicts regarding test results of different laboratories, and training of medical technologists on certain specialized procedures that require standardization.

national category

Rules and Regulation Governing the Establishment, Operation and Maintenan Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines Section 1: Title This Administrative Order shall be known as the "Rules and Regulations Gover Philippinkishment, Operation and Maints

Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

includes Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, Parasitology, Mycology, Clinical Microscopy, Immunology and Serology, Immunohematology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and other similar disciplines.

Clinical Pathology

- includes Surgical Pathology, Immunohistopathology, Cytology, Autopsy and Forensic Pathology

Anatomic Pathology

provides the minimum service capabilities such as: (1) Routine Hematology (Complete Blood Count or CBC) - includes Hemoglobin Mass Concentration, Erythrocyte Volume Fraction (Hematocrit), Leucocyte Number Concentration (WBC count) and Leucocyte Type Number Fraction (Differential Count), Qualitative Platelet Determination (2) Routine Urinalysis (3) Routine Fecalysis (4) Blood Typing - hospital-based (5) Quantitative Platelet Determination - hospital-based

primary

provides the minimum service capabilities of a primary category and the following (1) Clinical Chemistry - includes Blood Glucose Substance Route Nitrogen Concentration, Blood Uric Acid Substance Blood Creatinine Concentration, Blood Total Cholesterol Concentration Concentration

secondary

provides the secondary service capabilities and the following: (1) Special Chemistry (2) Special Hematology (3) Immunology/Serology (+) Microbiology

tertiary

This section is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for har dy fluids to quantify essential od and urine are the two most common body fluids subjected for analyses in this section. Examples of tests performed in this section are fasting blood stigar analyyes in the septiced hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the diagnosis of diabetes; total cholesteroaren and glycosylated density lipoproteins (HDL. and LDL); triglycerides (TAG) that can be used for the diagnosis cardiovascular diseases; blood uric acid (BUA); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); creatinine for diagnosis of diseases involving the kidney; total protein (TP); albumin, electrolytes (eg, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride); clinical enzymology (eg, aminotransferase, creatine kinase

clinical chemistry

it is one of the busiest in sections of clinical chem

clinical chemistry

IQA

Internal quality assurance

CQA

continous quality improvement

NEQAP

national external quality assurance

This section is subdivided into four sections: bacteriology, and virology. At pres specimens received. Specimens usually submitted are blood and other At present, the work in this section is more focused on the body fluids, stool, tissues, and swabs from different sites in the body.

microbiology

This section deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fhuids (eg (CBC), hemoglobin, quantitative hematocrit, winations done in this sectioned and other body fluids ( hematocrit, WBC differential count, red cell morphology and cell indices, platelet count, total cell count and differential count, blood smear preparation, and staining for vores body fluids. Coagulation studies focus on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors. There are also developments and

Hematology and Coagulation Studies

There are two major areas in this section of the laboratory. The to routine and other special examinations of urine such as macroscopic determine color, transparency, specific gravity, and pH level, and microscopic detect presence of abnormal cells and/or parasites as well as to quantify red cells and WBC and other them of a normal cells and/or patisit of other body fluids is also performed in this area. The second area is assigned to the examination of stool or routine fecalysis. Detection and identification of parasitic worms and ova are the primary activities in this area

clinical microscopy

Blood typing and compatibility testing are the two main netivities performed in this setion. Screening for all antibodies and identification of antibodies as we the blood used for transfusion are also conducted i in this section. This section is considered as the most critical in the clinical laboratory. components In hospital-based clinical laboratories, blood donation activities prompt other

Blood Bank/Immunohematology

Analyses of serum antibodies in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) performed in this section. Hepatitis B profile tests, serological tests for syphilis, and testa fou hepatitis C and dengue fever are some examples of antibody screening tests. Chemistry and Hematology sections, automated analyzers are commonly used in this section to Clinical when performing different serological tests.

Immunology and Serology

Activities performed in this section include tissue (removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy) processing, cutting into sections, staining, and preparation for microscopie examination by a pathologist.

Anatomic Pathology Section of Histopathology/Cytology

One of the exciting developments in medical technology is molecular biology and biotechnology diagnostics. Primarily using different enzymes and other reagents, DNA and RNA are identified and sequenced to detect any pathologic conditions/disease processes. The most common technique currently in use is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique has contributed to scientific advancements in laboratory research and is useful for a number of clinical techniques such as screening genetic indicators of disease and diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases.

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to sure reliability of test results. It is organized, systematic, well-planned, and regularly done with the results properly documented and consistently reviewed.

Quality assurance (QA)

includes day-to-day activities that are undertaken in order to control factors or variables that may affect test results. Regular review and audit of results are done in order to identify weaknesses and consequently perform corrective actions.

IQASinternal qualtiy assurance

on the other hand, is a system for checking performance among clinical laboratories and is facilitated by designated external agencies. The National Reference Laboratories (NRL) is the DOH-designated EQAS. An unknown sample with known test results is regularly sent to a clinical laboratory for testing. Results are then returned to the external facility and are compared with the known result This procedure determines the performance of the laboratory. A certificate of performance is given to the participating clinical laboratory.

external quality assurance

anaphy

Conan Clint · 100問 · 2年前

anaphy