respiratory shits system

通報

問題一覧

provides oxygen to the body, disposes carbon dioxide and helps regulate blood pH

respiratory system

Gas exchange occurs in the air sacs of the lungs, called???

alveoli

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

nose to larynx

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

the trachea to the alveoli (lungs)

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system

nose

parts of the nose

Nostrils or nares Nasal cavity Olfactory receptors Shells Meatuses Hard palate soft palate

Failure of the palatine bones to fuse medially; results in breathing difficulty and problems with oral cavity functions, such as eating and speaking.

CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

act as resonance chambers for speech and produce mucus draining into the nasal cavities

sinuses

Four (4) paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary and sphenoid

wall of tissue separating the two halves nasal cavities

Nasal septum

inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to cold viruses or allergens; excessive mucus production nasal congestion and postnasal drip

rhinitis

inflammation of a sinus; same symptoms as rhinitis but with pain and headache; more difficult to treat

sinusitis

Muscular passageway commonly called the

throath

Serves as a common passageway for food and air and is continuous with the nasal cavity anteriorly

pharynx

Three (3) regions of pharynx

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

canals connecting the pharynx to the middle ear

Pharyngotympanic or Eustachian tubes

clusters of lymphatic tissue that play a role in protecting the body from infection; becomes inflamed and swollen which obstructs the nasopharynx

tonsils

Also known as the "voicebox"; routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech

larynx

largest of the 8 hyaline cartilages which protrudes anteriorly (Adam's apple)

thyroid cartilage

Formed by eight (8) rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap or elastic cartilage called the

epiglottis

VOCAL FOLDS or true vocal cords pair of folds inside the larynx that vibrate with expelled air which allows the ability to speak

larynx

The vocal folds and the passageway between them are called the

glottis

A windpipe made of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, extending from the larynx to the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra (mid chest) + It is lined with ciliated mucosa and is surrounded by goblet cells

trachea

and without them coughing is the only means of preventing mucus from accumulating in the lungs

smoking

Triggered to prevent a substance from continuing into the lungs + Controlled by the Medulla oblongata of the brain + This protective reflex DOES NOT WORK when we are unconscious

cough reflex

a procedure in which air in a person's own lungs is used to "pop out" or expel an obstructing piece of food with back blows and abdominal thrusts

HEIMLICH MANEUVER

emergency surgical opening of the trachea to provide an alternative route for air to reach the lungs

TRACHEOSTOMY

+ The right and left main (primary) bronchi are formed by the division of the trachea and each bronchi branches into the lungs 1. Primary bronchi 2. Secondary (lobar) bronchi 3. Tertiary (Segmental) bronchi 4. Bronchioles 5. Terminal Bronchioles

THE MAIN BRONCHI

A large organ occupying the entire thoracic cavity except the most central area (mediastinum) Apex: deep in the clavicle Base: above the diaphragm

lungs

Lung tissue is mainly?

elastic connective tissue

They only weigh only about 2 1/2 lbs and are soft and spongey

lungs

serous membrane covering the surface of each lung

Pulmonary/Visceral Pleura/Pleural sac -

- lining of the walls of the thoracic cavity

Parietal Pleura

potential space between the pleural sac and the lung

Pleural space/cavity

slippery serous fluid which allows the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing

pleural fluid

slippery serous fluid which allows the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing

pleural fluid

Inflammation of the pleurae that can be caused by: (1) insufficient secretion of pleural fluid surfaces become dry and rough, resulting to friction and stabbing pain with each breath (can mimic angina); (2) excessive amounts of pleural fluid = which exerts pressure on the lungs.

pleurisy

A network formed by the branching and re- branching of the respiratory passageways within the lungs

brocnial tree

passageways toward the respiratory zone (trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles)

conducting zone

Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveiolar sacs Alveoli "air sacs"

respiratory zone

An air sac or air space; one of millions of hollow distensible cup-shaped cavities in the lungs where oxygen (O2) is exchanged for carbon dioxide (CO2)

alveoli

holes on the walls of the alveoli connecting air sacs and provide alternate routes for air to reach the alveoli

alveolar pores

dust cells"; final line of defense for the respiratory system

macrophages

complex mixture of specific lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, produced by the epithelial cells of the alveoli to reduce surface tension

surfuctant

membrane formed by the alveolar and capillary walls where gas (air) flows past on one side and blood on the other

respiratory membrane

Process of supplying oxygen (O2) to the body by the respiratory system

respiration

Breathing"; Air moves into and out of the lungs so that the gases in the alveoli are continuously refreshed

Pulmonary Ventilation

Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli

external ventilation

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported to and from the lungs via bloodstream

respiratory gas transport

- Gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells via the capillaries

Internal Respiration

use of oxygen to produce ATP and carbon dioxide

cellular respiration

Breathing or pulmonary ventilation is a mechanical process that depends on

volume change

Changes in volume lead to changes in

pressure

TWO (2) PHASES OF BREATHING:

inspiration expiration

Muscles: Diaphragm, external intercostals + Chest is expanded laterally, rib cage is elevated, and diaphragm is depressed

inspiration

A passive process that depends more on the natural elasticity of the lungs than on muscle contraction Rib cage descends, the diaphragm relaxes superiorly, and the lungs recoil

expiration

active process of expiration due to narrowed respiratory passageways (asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia)

forced expiration

Actual exchange of gases between the alveoli and blood via simple diffusion

external expiration

inspired air what happen to the co2 and o?

02 increasw co2 decrease

Exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue cells + Oxygen (O2) leaves and carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the blood

internal respiration

inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues. Skin becomes bluish or cyanotic.

hypoxia

Controls the rhythm of breathing; stimulates the respiratory muscles Normal Quiet Breathing Rate: 12-15 respirations/minute (Eupnea

medula oblongata

Communicates with MO to modify timing between inhalation and exhalation during activities such as singing, sleeping or exercising

pons

Sympathetic

bronchodilation

Parasympathetic

broncho constriction

Smooth muscles of the bronchi tighten in reaction to certain stimulants. Airways become narrower, which blocks the flow of air and makes it harder to breathe.

asthma

Albuterol, Theophylline, Ipratropium bromide, etc.)

Bronchodilators

talking, coughing and exercising

physical factor

(Conscious control) - singing, swimming and swallowing

volition

initiated by emotional stimulus via hypothalamus

emotional factors

oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

chemical factors

group of chronic inflammatory lung diseases that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs History of smoking Dyspnea of difficulty of breathing Coughing and frequent pulmonary infections Hypoxic and may develop respiratory failure

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women, causing more deaths than breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. combined

lung cancer

deep in the clavicle

apex

above the diaphram

base

why there are three lobes in the right lung and left has two?

since the appearance of cardiac notch

anaphy

anaphy

anaphy 2

Conan Clint · 6問 · 2年前

anaphy 2

6問 • 2年前

cardio

Conan Clint · 56問 · 2年前

cardio

56問 • 2年前

anatomy

Conan Clint · 51問 · 2年前

anatomy

51問 • 2年前

muscles

muscles

endocrine system

endocrine system

muscles part 2

Conan Clint · 34問 · 2年前

muscles part 2

34問 • 2年前

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

cardiovasular 2

Conan Clint · 36問 · 2年前

cardiovasular 2

36問 • 2年前

cranial merves

cranial merves

spinal cord and sinal nerves

Conan Clint · 81問 · 2年前

spinal cord and sinal nerves

81問 • 2年前

purcom shits

Conan Clint · 6問 · 2年前

purcom shits

6問 • 2年前

endocrine system part 222

Conan Clint · 20問 · 2年前

endocrine system part 222

20問 • 2年前

spinal cord

Conan Clint · 81問 · 2年前

spinal cord

81問 • 2年前

respiratory system in anatomy lab

respiratory system in anatomy lab

respiratory alab part 2

Conan Clint · 6問 · 2年前

respiratory alab part 2

6問 • 2年前

digestive system

digestive system

digestive system part 2

Conan Clint · 21問 · 2年前

digestive system part 2

21問 • 2年前

pmls

Conan Clint · 39問 · 2年前

pmls

39問 • 2年前

cardiovascular system

Conan Clint · 62問 · 2年前

cardiovascular system

62問 • 2年前

pmls chuchu

Conan Clint · 20問 · 2年前

pmls chuchu

20問 • 2年前

pmls clinical laboratory

Conan Clint · 34問 · 2年前

pmls clinical laboratory

34問 • 2年前

wprksheet 18

Conan Clint · 77問 · 2年前

wprksheet 18

77問 • 2年前

urinary system

Conan Clint · 78問 · 2年前

urinary system

78問 • 2年前

digestive system

digestive system

digestive system p2

Conan Clint · 23問 · 2年前

digestive system p2

23問 • 2年前

anatomy blood pressure

Conan Clint · 44問 · 2年前

anatomy blood pressure

44問 • 2年前

reproductive system

Conan Clint · 82問 · 2年前

reproductive system

82問 • 2年前

final boss

Conan Clint · 47問 · 2年前

final boss

47問 • 2年前

chem

Conan Clint · 22問 · 2年前

chem

22問 • 2年前

art appreciation

Conan Clint · 24問 · 2年前

art appreciation

24問 • 2年前

chem 1

Conan Clint · 27問 · 2年前

chem 1

27問 • 2年前

pmls

Conan Clint · 45問 · 2年前

pmls

45問 • 2年前

vhem

Conan Clint · 32問 · 2年前

vhem

32問 • 2年前

arts shets

Conan Clint · 29問 · 2年前

arts shets

29問 • 2年前

his shets

Conan Clint · 45問 · 2年前

his shets

45問 • 2年前