reproductive system

82問 • 2年前

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The reproductive organs of men and women produce ___ and contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics.

gametes

Male testes produce sperm, whereas female ovaries produce eggs. When an egg and sperm join, an ___ is formed.

embryo

or primary sex organs produce sex cells or gametes and secrete hormones.

Gonads

parts of gonads

testes and ovaries

The has both an exocrine (sperm-producing) function and an endocrine (testosterone-producing) function.

testes

• The accessory reproductive structures are ___ that aid in the delivery of sperm to the body exterior or to the female reproductive tract.

ducts or glands

Small, oval-shaped organs, each about 4-5cm long. within the scrotum

testes

Each testis is connected tothe trunk via the , a connective tissuesheath that encloses bloodvessel, nerves and theductus deferens

spermaticcord

surrounds each testis and extensions of thiscapsule continues into the testisdividing into wedge-shaped lobules

The white coat

the actual"sperm- forming factories"; theyempty sperm into the rete testis

TESTES

Sperm travel via the rete testis toenter the first part of the ductsystem, the

epididymis

surrounds each testis and extensions of thiscapsule continues into the testisdividing into wedge-shaped lobules

tunica albuginea

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)-

located in the soft connective tissuesurrounding the(testosterone). seminiferous tubules;they produce androgens

The accessory organsforming the male ductsystem, whichtransports spermfrom the body:

duct system

example of duct system

Epididymis Spermatic Urethra

First part of the duct system and atemporary storage site for the immature sperm

EPIDIDYMIS

While the sperm make their wayalong the epididymis (a trip that takes about

20 days),

they mature,developing the ability to?

swim

When a man is sexually stimulatedand ejaculates, the walls of the epididymis contract to expel the sperm into the

ductus deferens.

Also known as "vas deferens" • It emerges from the tail of theepididymis and ascends to formthe spermatic cord, where itassociates with the bloodvessels and nerves that supplythe testis.

ductus deferense

The end of the ductus deferens expands as the ____ and then empties into the ____.which passes through the prostate tomergethe urethra.

ampulla, ejaculatory duct

Terminal part of the male duct system.extending from the base of the urinarybladder to the tip of the penis It carries both urine and sperm but bothdo not leave the urethra at the sametime

urethra

Three (3) parts of urethra

Prostatic Urethra Membranous Urethra Spongy (Penile) Urethra

• When ejaculation occurs and sperm enters the prostatic urethra, the

bladder sphincter (internal urethral sphincter) constricts

• This event prevents urine from passing into the urethra and sperm from entering the urinary bladder

bladder sphincter (internal urethral sphincter) constricts

produce the bulk of semen, the sperm- containing fluid that is propelled out of the male's reproductive tract during ejaculation.

ACCESSORY GLANDS

parts of accesory glands in male

SEMINAL VESICLES PROSTATE BULBORETHRAL GLANDS

Large hollow glands Incated at the base of the bladder They produce about 60% of seminal fluid or the fluid portion of the semen

SEMINAL VESICLES

thick, yellowish and is rich in sugar (fructose), vitamin C prostaglandins, and other substances that nourish and activate the sperm passing through the tract

seminal fluid

Tiny pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland They produce a thick, clear mucus that drains into the spongey/penile urethra when a man becomes sexually excited (pre-ejaculate fluid) It cleanses the urethra of trace acidic urine prior to ejaculation, and it serves as lubricant during sexual intercourse

BULBORETHRAL GLANDS

a divided sac of skin. that acts as a pouch for the testis and hangs between the legs at the root of the penis It provides and maintains a lower temperature (3°C or 5. 4°F) for the testis which is necessary for production of a healthy sperm

scrotum

functions to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract

penis

enlarged rounded tip or head of the penis

glans penis

loose skin covering the penis which is usually surgically removed in a procedure called circumcision

Prepuce or foreskin

elastic band of tissue connecting the prepuce to the glans

frenumlum

Internally, the spongy urethra issurrounded by three (3) elongated areas of ____ a spongy tissue thatfills with blood during sexual excitement

erectile tissue,

helps thepenis serve as the male organ of copulation (sexual intercourse) to deliverthe semen into the female reproductivetract

erection

is the discharge of semenfrom the male reproductive tract

ejaculation

MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS

Spermatogenesis Testosterone Production

Sperm production in the seminiferous tubules beginsduring puberty and continues throughout life

Spermatogenesis

primitive stem cells found in the outeredge of each tubule that begin spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia

is secreted tostimulate spermatogenesis in testes

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

remains at the tubule tomaintain the stem cell population

Type A Daughter Cell

transported towards thetubule, where it becomes aprimary spermatocyte

Type B Daughter Cell

special type of cell division that only occurs in the gonads (testes & ovaries)

meiosis

non functional sperm that contain half of the geneticmaterial present in the original spermatocyte

Spermatids

During puberty, the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is secreted and activates the

interstitial cells or Leydig cells

Deepening of thevoice, increased hair growth all over the body, enlargement of skeletalmuscles and bone growth

Secondary (2°) sex characteristics (masculine):

primary (1°) femalereproductive organs that produceboth an exocrine product (eggs orova) and endocrine product(estrogen & progesterone)

ovaries

The two (2) ovaries are smallpaired oval-shaped organs thatlie on the posterior wall of the pelvis lateral to the uterus They produce the egg cells (ovaor oocytes) which are thentransported to the fallopian tubes

ovaries

Inside an ovary, manytiny sac-likestructures called ___ arepresent and eachfollicle consists of animmature eqq, calledan

ovarian follicle, oocyte

Mature follicle -fluid-filledcentral region

antrum

enlarged withdeveloping egg insideready to be ejected outof the ovary

Vesicular or Graafian follicle

-process in which amature egg is released from theovary. After it's released, the eggmoves down the fallopian tube.

Ovulation

Ovulation generally occurs every but it can occur more or less in some women

28days

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very yellow-body structure called a

corpus luteum

is a condition in which the ovariesproduce an abnormal amount of androgens(testosterone), that are supposedly less inwomen and the presence of cysts in theovaries Possible causes: genes, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation . Complications: Irregular periods, Excesshair growth (hirsutism), Acne. Hair loss.Weight gain, Darkening of skin, Headaches

POLYCYSTIC OVARIANSYNDROME (PCOS)

DUCT SYSTEM:FEMALE

Uterine or Fallopian Tubes • Uterus • Vagina

Initial part of the duct -system that receivesthe ovulated oocytefrom the ovaries They provide a site for (1) fertilization of theegg and sperm andsends the fertilized eggato the uterus for (2)implantation

UTERINE/FALLOPIANTUBES

part of fallopian tube funnel-shaped distalexpansion of each fallopian tube

Infundibulum

- finger-like projection thatpartially surround the ovary and createfluid currents during ovulation to carry theoocyte into the fallopian tube and to theuterus via peristalsis

Fimbriae

Also known as theis a hollow organ located in the pelvis between the urinary bladderaand rectum Bodv It functions to receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized egg During pregnancy, the uterus increasestremendously in size to accommodate the growing fetus

uterus

major portion of the uterus

fundus

-rounded region above the entrance of fallopian tubes

Fundus

-narrow outlet protruding into the Vagina

Cervix

The uterus has a thick wall composed of three(3) layers:

Endometrium - innermost layer, site forimplantation of fertilized egga uterine cavity. The endometrial lining sloughs offperiodically (every 28 days) in responseto changes in the levels of hormones(Menstruation)

bulky middle layercomposed of bundles of smooth muscle: It acontracts rhythmically during childbirth toforce the baby out of the mother's body

Myometrium

- outermost serous layer

Perimetrium

Thin-walled tube between thebladder and rectum and fromthe cervix to the body exterior It is also the female organ ofcopulation because Itreceives the penis (andsemen) during sexualintercourse

vagina

The whole female external genitalia is known as the

vulva

-fatty, rounded area above the pubic symphysis

Mons pubis

- skin folds enclosing regions of the vulva

Labia majora and labia minora

-small protruding structure that corresponds to the male penis; contains erectile tissue

Clitoris

A relatively common cancer among women between the ages of 30 and 50. Risk factors: sexually transmitted diseases such as human papillomavirus (HPV), frequent cervical inflammation, multiple pregnancies, and many sexual partners Complications: Blood spotting, heavy menstrual bleeding, pain and bleeding. during and after sexual intercourse. persistent pelvic and back pain

CERVICAL CANCER

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS

Oogenesis and Ovarian Cycles Hormone Procuction by Ovaries Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle Pregnancy and Embryonic Development

Production of female gametes or ova

oogenisis

female stem cells that only exist before birth (fetus) By birth, the cogonia no longer ex st and a female's life-time supply of primary oocytes (approx. 1 million) is already in place in the ovarian follicles, awaiting the chance to undergo me asis to produce functional egg

oogonia

-daughter cells preparing for maturation During puberty, FSH stimulates primary follicles to grow and mature and then ovulation occurs each month (ovarian cycle).

Primary oocyte

occurs at the moment the genetic material of a sperm combines with that of an ovum to form a fertilized egg, or zygote.

Fertilization

The ___ represents the first cell of the new individual ready for development into embryo then

zygote

events that occur from the time of fertilization (conception) until birth and the pregnant woman's developing offspring is called the conceptus.

pregnancy

Development occurs during the gestation period which extends from the last menstrual period until birth.. approximately

280 days or 9 months

anaphy

Conan Clint · 100問 · 2年前

anaphy