final boss

47問 • 2年前

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agglutinogen) is a kind of immunogen that generates the antibody. It is associated with the red blood cells and gewell developed in fetus but do not reach full antigenic strength until a year after birth

antigen

agglutinin) normally appears in the serum of a person 3 - 6 month after birth, and is present in varying amount throughout life. Occurs naturally am as a result of antigenic stimulation.

antibody

typing which makes use of known red blood cells or antigen and unknown antibody or agglutinin.

serum typing

In the transfusion of blood, one is concemed only about the effect of the recipient's plasma (containing agglutinins) upon the donor's red blood cells (agglutinogens) since agglutinins in the recipient's plasma would cause clumping of the transfused donor cells

blood transfusion

is without agglutinogen on the cells, could thus be mixed with blood of any type without causing agglutination

blood type o

is without agglutinin in the serum, could thus receive blood of any type without clumping.

blo9d type ab

is a continuous tube extending from the mouth to the anus and is about 30 feet long

alimentary canal

Accessory digestive glands

pancreas and liver

Accessory organs which include the

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas and liver.

is the mechanical and chemical processes that break down large food molecules into smaller ones;

digestion

the passage of small food molecules through the cells of the small intestine into the blood stream and lymphatic system. The process of digestion and absorption include:

absorption

or the involuntary, sequential muscular ingested nutrient along the digestive tract, and contractions that move

peristalsis

or the eliminatient veomct the

Defecation

is a small, outer part and is bounded by lips and cheeks on the outside and the teeth and gums

Vestibule

proper extend gumson the inside the teeth and gums to the andes (an opening that leadrom the behind the teethdanes are the hard laterasoft palate as the roof, the he pharynx) is floor, the cheeks as the lateral walls, and the lips forming the frontal boundary

oral cavity

are fleshy part of either side of the face, below the eye between the nose and ear.

cheeks

gingiva) is the firm connective tissue covered with mucous membrane that surrounds the alveolar processes of the teeth.

gum

formed by a portion of the palatine bones and maxillae,

hard palate

continuous with the posterior border of the hard palate

soft palate

is a special organ for sense of taste. Its dorsal surface is irregular and rough and contains lingual papillae where taste budsare found. The tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by means of a fold of mucous membrane called a lingual frenulum.

tounge

are contained in the sockets of alveolar processes of maxillae and mandibles.

teeth

is the embedded in a socket (alveolus) in the alveolar processes of the jaw bones

root

is the bone-like covering of the neck and root

cementum

is the soft core of connective tissue that contains the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth

pulp

are temporary set of teeth. The teeth appear between the child's 6^{m} month and 2^{nd} year. A normal child will eventually have 20 "baby teeth". Each jaw holds 10 teeth: 4 incisors (for cutting), 2 canines (for tearing), and 4 premolars (fro grinding)

decid9us teeth

are 32 in number and are arranged in two arches: one in the upper jaw (maxilla and the other in the lower jaw (mandible). Each jaw holds 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 6 molars. This set begins to appear in man at the age of 6 \frac{1}{2} to 25 years old with the exception of the 2^{nd} and 3^{rd} molars. The permanent set of teeth begin to develop at about 16^{fh} week of intrauterine life.

permanent teeth

are compound saccular glands which secrete saliva. There are three largest pairs of salivary glands

salivary glands

are the largest of the three main pairs which lie below the ears and covering the masseter muscle posteriorly. Its duct called parotid or Stensen's duct opens upon the inner surface of the cheek opposite the 2^{rd} upper molar tooth.

parotid glands

is the opening that connects with the esophagus and is guarded by a cardiac sphincter

cardiac orifice

the opening that connects with the duodenum of the small intestine and is guarded by a pyloric sphincter

pyloric orifice

glands secrete mucin

cardiac

glands secrete pepsinogen

pyloric glands

glands secrete pepsinogen, hydrochloric

fundic glands

a convulatedtube which extends from the stomach to the colic valve of the large intestine. This is the principal area for digestion and absorption Its Walls/coats are similar to the layers formed in the stomach. However, its tunica mucosa is provided with folds known as villi and which contains lacteals and blood capillaries

small intestine

that part between the ileocecal orifice and the anus. It is about 5 ft long and 2.5 in wide. It is where absorption is completed and the undigested foods are converted into masses in the form of wastes known as feces or fecal matters. Its walls / coats are similar to the small intestine except that in the tunica mucosa, the villi and circular folds are absent.

large intestine

is just on the outer side of the ileocecal orifice and is about 6 cm in length. Opens into the cecum is the vermiform appendix or simply appendix which is the narrowest part of the intestine and can range in length from 5-15 cm;

cecum

extend upward from the cecum;

ascending colom

in the innermost and is thrown into folds called rugae

tunica mucosa

extends across the abdominal cavity from the right colic/hepatic flexure the night corner of the colon)

transverse colon

extends from the left colic flexure

descending colon

letter S-shaped across the pelvis to the right and to the middle of the sacrum where it continues as the rectum

sigmoid colon

extends about 15 cm from the sigmoid colon to the эпив

rectum

the terminal portion of the large intestine which is about 12 the terminal portion d with sphincters. This opens to the outside as a slit called the anus

anal canal

the posterior opening of the alimentary tract and serves as the exit of the feces or fecal matters.

anus

is a soft, pinkish-gray gland about 12-15 cm and lies transversely across the posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach. It is both exocrine and endocrine gland. It consists of three parts

pancreas

is a reddish, wedge-shaped organ. It is covered with a network of connective tissue called Glisson's capsule. The organ is located under the diaphragm in the upper region of the abdominal cavity, mostly on the right side Functionally, it secretes bile. Structurally, it is a large compound, tubular gland weighing about 1.5 kg in the average adult. It is divided into two main lobes by the falciform ligament (a mesentery attached to the anterior mid-abdominal wall)

liver

is a small, pear-shaped, sac-like organ situated in a depression under the right lobe of the liver. It consists of an outer serous peritoneal coat, a middle muscular coat, and an inner mucous membrane that is continuous with the linings of the ducts. Serves as the storage site of the bile.

gall bladder

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Conan Clint · 100問 · 2年前

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