heart relaxation

directed toward the left hip and rests on thediaphragm, approximately atthe level of the fifth intercostal faces

The major function of the cardiovascular system is transportation. Using blood as the transportvehicle, the system carries oxygen, nutrients, cellawastes, hormones, and many other substances vital.for body homeostasis to and from the cellsThe force to move the blood around the body isprovided by the beating heart and by bloodpressure.

Condition when valve cusps become stiffaand does not close properly to backflowa

Larger veins have ___ thatprevent backflow of blood likethose in the heart

The heart is equipped with four (4) valves:

great heart vessels

This transport of impulse results in a "wringing" contraction of theventricles that begins at the heart apexmoves toward theatria + This contraction effectively ejects blood superiorly into the largearteries leaving the heart

carryingof blood for gas exchange oxygenation of blood

block" is a damage to the AV nodewhich blocks the SA node from controlling the ventricles;beating of heart becomes slower

part of an heart wall that lines the heartchambers

Pressure in the heart is low + AV Valves are open, SL valves closed + Blood passively flowsthrough the atria into theventricles

what part of tge serous pericardium lines the interior aspect of the heart

+Prevents arterial blood from reentering the heart Pulmonary & aortic

Arteries for internal organs (stomach, live intestines, kidneys, gonads) and abdomen andalower trunk muscles Arteries for bladder and rectum and for theentire leg.

Normal (N) Heart Rate:

cycle is composed of events occurring five (5) periods:

longest veins in the body;superficial drainage of theleg

inner covering of the heart

divides atria and ventricles

Marginal artery + Posterior Interventricular Artery

receiving chambers

rapid, uncoordinated quivering of theventricles; causes the heart to not be able to pump any blood and so is a major cause of death from heart attack in adults

Crushing chestpain due to an oxygen-deprivedmyocardium; WARNING SIGN forMyocardial Infarction (MI) or heartattack

cephalichand basilic join at the elbow (oftenchosen as the site for withdrawingblood for the purpose of blood

large veinsthat receive venous drainage from thesubclavian, vertebral, and internaljugular veins to form the SVC

- upperbody (head & arms)

Brachial Artery

rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute)

protects and anchors the heart to the diaphragm and sternum

increasingatrial pressure and completingventricular filling while theventricles are relaxed

Lumens of veins tend to be ____ than arteries and thicker tunicaexterna

Anterior Interventricular Artery Circumflex Artery

receivesvenous blood from the skin andmuscles of the head

The walls of blood vessels have three (3)layers:

Atrioventricular (AV) node + Atrioventricular (AV) bundle(bundle of His) a +Bundle branches + Purkinje fibers

slower heart rate than normal (less than 60beats per minute)

Blood circulates inside theblood vessels, which form aclosed transport systemcalled the

one day, the heartpumps approx.

parta of a serous pericardiym which is the part of the heart wall

(R) Coronary Artery + (L) Coronary Artery+Supplies the heart

Compared to arteries located indeep areas, veins are moresuperficial and some are easilyseen or palpated.

superficial drainageof the lateral aspect of the arm andempties into the axillary vein

+A hollow, cone-shaped organ,approximately the size of aperson's fist and weighs less than apound +It is enclosed within the medialsection of the thoracic cavity ormediastinum (inferior)

medical device that is surgicallyinstalled in the body to generate electrical impulses toreplace and/or regulate the function of the SA Node or theconducting system.

outermost layer composed largely offibrous connective tissue and functions to support and projectvessels

in what heart sound SL valves close at the end of ventricular systole

Ventricles continue to contract,intraventricular pressure increased - SL valves open + Blood is ejected out from theventricles + Atria are again relaxed and filled withblood

+The heart walls are composed of three (3) layers

formed by the union ofexternal and internal iliacvein to form the IVC

bulky middle layer made up of smooth muscle andelastic fibers; controlled bysympathetic nervous system (changing the diameter of thevessels)

Intraventricular pressure fails Ventricular diastole begins SL valves closed

transport of oxygenated bloodfrom left ventricle through thebody tissues and back to theright atriuma

(visceral layer of Visceralpericardium serous pericardium)

built intohearttissue and sets its basic rhythm.

points toward theright shoulder and liesbeneath the second rib

is made up of deposits ofcholesterol and other substances in theartery. Plaque buildup causes theinside of the arteries to narrow overtime, which can partially or totallyblock the blood flow. This processcalled atherosclerosis.

"heart strings"; tinywhite cords that anchor the cusps to thewalls of the ventricles

return ondrain deoxygenated bloodfrom the myocardiumback to the right atrium.Most venous bloodreturns via the CoronarySinus.

lines the lumenthe interior of the vessels; form aslick surface that decrease friction asblood flows through

supplies thecerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

an anatomical a structure that providesconnection betweenarteries of the brain.

act like brakes and gapedalsto decrease or increase the heart, depending on which division isactivated

supplies the brain + External Carotid Artery - skinand muscles of head and neck

Lubricating serous fluid is produced by theserous pericardial membranes and collectsin the pericardial cavity between theseserous layers

Atrial systole ends, andventricular systole begins AV valves closed - caused byincreased intraventricular pressure SL valves closed

divides theatria

due to repeatedbacterial infection of the endocardium + Workload of heart increases = heartfailure

consists of thick.Myocardium Bundles of cardiac muscle; Endocardium contracting layer

There are three (3) maintypes of blood vessels:

+The events of one complete heartbeat, during which both atriaand ventricles contract and relax +Average Heart Rate: 75 beats per minute (60s) +Length of Cardiac Cycle: 0.8 seconds

superficial drainage ofthe medial aspect of the arm andempties into the brachial vein

divides the ventricles

lack of adequate. Blood supply to the heart muscle

+also known as "active ventricularfilling"

Inflammation of the pericardium that oftenresults in a decrease in the amount of serousfluid. This causes the pericardial layers toruh, bind and stick to each other, formingpainful adhesions that interfere with theheart movements.

a sac enclosingthe heart

Brachiocephalic Trunk + Common Carotid Artery

flap or cusp that acts as one-way inlet for blood coming into a ventricle andone-way outlet for blood leaving a ventricle

Walls of arteries are much_____than those veins, especially thetunica media. Arteries must be ableto expand as blood is forced intothem

Ulnar Artery

caused by plaque buildup in the wallsof the arteries that supply blood to theheart (called coronary arteries) andother parts of the body

discharging chambers

When using stethoscope, you can hear two distinct sounds duringeach cardiac cycle. These heart sounds are often described by thtwo syllables "lub" and "dup/dub"

Abnormal or unusual heart sounds when bloodflow becomes turbulent; usually.e to valve problems; common andnormal in young children with perfectly healthy hearts.

Radial Artery

Functional blood supply of themyocardium is provided by the rightand left Coronary Arteries. Coronary arteries branch from thebase of the aorta and encircles theheart at the atrioventricular groove.

- largest artery ofthe body

j

heart contraction

main artery thatcarries blood away from yourheart to the rest of the body

in what heart sound is closing of AV valves

This system causes heart muscledepolarization in only one direction - from the atria to the ventricles.

+ The heart has four (4) hollow cavities or chambers:

protectsand anchors the heart to the Visceralpericardiuma diaphragm and sternum

tricuspid & mitral + prevent backflow into the atriawhen the ventricles contract

pacemaker of the heart; starts Bundle branches each heartbeat

lowerbody

Death of oxygen-deprived heartcells + Myocardium receives an inadequate blood supply when the heart beats at a very rapid rate

Arteries for trunk muscles, lungs, esophagusand diaphragma