Cardiovascular System and Its Control

21問 • 2年前

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is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to circulate blood throughout the body

Cardiovascular System

is a muscular organ that is located in the chest cavity, behind the sternum and between the lungs. It is roughly the size of a closed fist and is divided into four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Heart

are an important component of the cardiovascular system and are responsible for carrying blood to and from the heart and throughout the body.

Blood Vessels

• are thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and organs. • The largest artery in the body is the _______, which carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

Arteries, aorta

• are thin-walled blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues and organs back to the heart. • The largest vein in the body is the _________, which carries blood from the body's lower and upper extremities back to the right atrium of the heart.

Veins, vena cava

are the smallest blood vessels in the body and are responsible for exchanging nutrients, gases, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues.

Capillaries

is a specialized fluid that circulates through the cardiovascular system and is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Blood

is a yellowish fluid that makes up about 55% of blood volume.

Plasma

are the most abundant cells in the blood, making up about 45% of blood volume.

Red Blood Cells

are cells of the immune system that help defend the body against infection and disease.

White Blood Cells

are small, disk-shaped cells that help stop bleeding by forming blood clots.

Platelets

is responsible for regulating many of the body's involuntary functions, including those of the cardiovascular system.

Autonomic Nervous System

is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, which is activated during times of stress or danger.

Sympathetic Nervous System

is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

These hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and are released into the bloodstream in response to stress or danger

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

is a hormone that is produced by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume.

Angiotensin II

is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands and helps to regulate salt and water balance in the body.

Aldosterone

is a hormone that is produced by the heart in response to high blood volume.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone that is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume.

Vasopressin

such as pH, carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2), can influence blood flow by affecting the dilation or constriction of blood vessels.

Metabolic Factors

• such as nitric oxide and endothelin, can also influence blood flow and vessel diameter.

Endothelial Factors

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE

Federico Lasco Sinogbuhan · 15問 · 2年前

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE