Three Major Perspectives in Sociology

16問 • 2年前

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analyze social phenomena at different levels and from different perspectives. From concrete interpretations to sweeping generalizations of society and social behavior, they study everything from specific events (the micro level of analysis of small social patterns) to the big picture (the macro level of analysis of large social patterns).

Sociologists

The pioneering European sociologists, however, also offered a broad conceptualization of the fundamentals of society and its workings. Their views form the basis for today's theoretical perspectives, or __________, which provide sociologists with an orienting frameworka philosophical positionfor asking certain kinds of questions about society and its people.

paradigms

also known as symbolic interactionism, directs sociologists to consider the symbols and details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how people interact with each other.

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Although symbolic interactionism traces its origins to __________ assertion that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world, the American philosopher _____________ introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s.

Max Weber's, George H. Mead

Verbal conversations, in which spoken words serve as the _____________, make this subjective interpretation especially evident. The words have a certain meaning for the sender, and, during effective communication, they hopefully have the same meaning for the receiver. In other terms, words are not static things; they require intention and interpretation.

predominant symbols

is an interaction of symbols between individuals who constantly interpret the world around them.

Conversation

each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a whole.

Functionalist Perspective

Functionalists believe that society is held together by social _________, or , in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole.

consensus, cohesion

is a form of social cohesion that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs and engage in similar types of work. Most commonly occurs in traditional, simple societies such as those in which everyone herds cattle or farms. Amish society exemplifies _____________.

Mechanical solidarity

is a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to varying values and beliefs and engage in varying types of work. Most commonly occurs in industrialized, complex societies such those in large American cities like New York in the 2000s.

Organic solidarity

who divides human functions into two types.

Robert Merton

___________ are intentional and obvious, while ___________ are unintentional and not obvious.

Manifest functions, Latent functions

is a type of conflict theory that examines inequalities in gender-related issues. It uses the conflict approach to examine the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities.

Feminist Theory

considers the role of the family in perpetuating male dominance.

Radical Feminism

Sandays study of the Indonesian Minangkabau (2004) revealed that in societies some consider to be _____________ (where women comprise the dominant group), women and men tend to work cooperatively rather than competitively regardless of whether a job is considered feminine by U.S. standards.

matriarchies

which originated primarily out of Karl Marx's writings on class struggles, presents society in a different light than do the functionalist and symbolic interactionist perspectives. focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever‐changing nature of society.

Conflict Perspective

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE

Federico Lasco Sinogbuhan · 15問 · 2年前

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE