Neural Control of Exercising Muscle

15問 • 2年前

問題一覧

The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the ____________. Because they are so vitally important, the brain and spinal cord, located in the dorsal body cavity, are encased in bone for protection.

Central Nervous System

The organs of the ___________ are the nerves and ganglia. Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers, much like muscles are bundles of muscle fibers. Cranial nerves and spinal nerves extend from the CNS to peripheral organs such as muscles and glands.

Peripheral Nervous System

also called the somatomotor or somatic efferent nervous system, supplies motor impulses to the skeletal muscles. Because these nerves permit conscious control of the skeletal muscles, it is sometimes called the voluntary nervous system.

Somatic Nervous System

• transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS. • transmits impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs to cause an effect or action.

Afferent or Sensory division, Efferent or Motor division

also called the visceral efferent nervous system, supplies motor impulses to cardiac muscle, to smooth muscle, and to glandular epithelium. Because it regulates involuntary or automatic functions, it is called the involuntary nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System

• are the nerve cells that make up the central nervous system. This unique type of cell found in the brain that receives and conducts electric impulses, processing and transmitting information. The __________ is specially adapted to carry messages over large distances in the body quickly in the form of electrical signals.

Neurons, neuron structure

These are the branch-like extensions that emanate from the cell body and receive incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. It is covered in synapses, which allow for communication with other neurons.

Dendrites

This is a long, slender extension that carries the electrical signal away from the cell body and towards the axon terminals. It is covered in myelin, which helps to speed up the transmission of the electrical signal.

Axon

This is the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the cell to function. It also receives signals from the dendrites and decides whether or not to send a signal down the axon.

Cell Body or Soma

This is the small gap or junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target tissue, such as a muscle or gland. When an electrical signal reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which then cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the target neuron or tissue, causing a response.

Synapse

refers to the process by which information is transmitted between neurons in the brain. It involves the release of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, from the presynaptic neuron, which then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to changes in the electrical activity of the postsynaptic neuron.

Synaptic transmission

This is the end of the axon of the presynaptic neuron that forms a synapse with the postsynaptic neuron. It contains the neurotransmitters that are released into the synaptic cleft.

Presynaptic terminal

This is the small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. The neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic terminal diffuse across this gap to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

Synaptic cleft

This is the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron that contains the receptors for the neurotransmitters. When the neurotransmitters bind to the receptors, they cause changes in the electrical activity of the postsynaptic neuron.

Postsynaptic membrane

These are chemical messengers that are released from the presynaptic terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

Neurotransmitters

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE

Federico Lasco Sinogbuhan · 15問 · 2年前

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE