STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EXERCISING MUSCLES

22問 • 2年前

問題一覧

• are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. It is derived from the Latin word “_________” meaning “little mouse”. There are about ______ muscles in the human body.

Muscle, musculus, 600

• The specialized tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement. • Together, skeletal muscles and bones are called the ____________ (also known as the locomotor system).

Skeletal Muscle, musculoskeletal system

located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries.

Smooth Muscle

the muscle specific to the heart. The heart contracts and relaxes without our conscious awareness. Controls itself with assistance from the nervous and endocrine systems.

Cardiac Muscle

An individual muscle is called a __________. It is enclosed by plasma membrane called the __________. The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called ____________. Within the sarcoplasm, the _________ allow transport of substances throughout the muscle fiber and the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium.

muscle fiber, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, T - tubules

are made-up of sarcomeres, the smallest functional units of a muscle. The sarcomere is composed of filaments of two proteins, _______ and _______ which are responsible for muscle contraction.

Myofibrils, myosin, actin

________ is a thick filament with a globular head at one end. An _______ filament- composed of actin, tropomyosin and troponin, is attached to a Z-disk.

Myosin, actin

EVENTS LEADING TO MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTION A motor neuron releases _____________ It binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. The action potential triggers release of _________. It binds to troponin on the actin filament, and the troponin pulls tropomyosin off the active sites, allowing myosin attach to the actin filament.

acetylcholine (ACh), Ca²

is a medical procedure in which a small piece of muscle tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. This helps doctors to diagnose various muscle-related conditions and diseases. It can help determine the cause of muscle weakness, pain, inflammation, or other symptoms. It is typically done as an outpatient procedure, where a small incision is made in the skin over the muscle of interest.

Muscle Biopsy

Muscle Biopsy __________ is inserted into muscle to take a sample. Sample is mounted, frozen, thinly sliced, and examine under a ___________. Allows study of muscle fibers and the effects of acute exercise training of fiber composition.

Hollow needle, microscope

is a photograph taken with a microscope that shows details of microscopic structures, such as muscle fibers.

Photomicrograph

Type I muscle fibers are also known as __________, and they are characterized by their ability to contract slowly and generate low force.

slow-twitch fibers

a protein that binds oxygen and helps with oxygen delivery to the muscles.

Myoglobin

Type II A muscle fibers are also known as _________ and they have intermediate characteristics between type I and type II b fibers.

fast-twitch oxidative fibers

Type II B muscle fibers are also known as ___________ , and they are characterized by their ability to contract rapidly and generate high force.

fast-twitch glycolytic fibers

WHAT DETERMINES FIBER TYPE - __________ determine which motor neurons innervation individuals muscle fibers. - __________ become specialized according to the type of neuron that stimulates them.

Genetics, Muscle Fibers

WHAT DETERMINES FIBER TYPE - _______________ may result in small changes in the percentage of type l and type ll fibers. - _______ may alter the distribution of type l and type ll fiber.

Endurance training and muscular inactivity, Aging

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF MUSCLES • are prime movers, they’re responsible for the movement • oppose the agonists to prevent from overstretching of them • assist the agonists and sometimes fine tune the direction of movement.

Agonists, Antagonists, Synergists

• This type of muscle action occurs when a muscle shortens as it contracts against resistance. The force generated by the muscle is greater than the external resistance, resulting in the muscle overcoming the resistance and shortening. • are often referred to as "positive" contractions and are commonly observed during actions such as lifting weights, pushing objects, or rising from a seated position.

Concentric Contraction

• This type of muscle action occurs when a muscle generates force without changing its length. • The force generated by the muscle is equal to the external resistance, resulting in no visible movement at the joint. • are often referred to as "static" contractions and are commonly observed during actions such as holding a weight in a fixed position or maintaining posture.

Isometric or Static Contraction

The relationship between muscle lengthening and shortening velocity and force production can be described by the ____________. It states that the force a muscle can produce is influenced by the velocity at which it is lengthening or shortening. In general, a muscle is capable of producing greater force at slower velocities (e.g., during lengthening contractions) and lesser force at faster velocities (e.g., during shortening contractions).

force-velocity relationship

• This type of muscle action occurs when a muscle lengthens as it contracts against resistance. • The force generated by the muscle is less than the external resistance, resulting in the muscle yielding and lengthening. • are often referred to as "negative" contractions and are commonly observed during actions such as lowering weights, descending stairs, or descending from a jump.

Eccentric Contraction

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE

Federico Lasco Sinogbuhan · 15問 · 2年前

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF EXERCISE