Chapter 9 HW

Zander Chavez · 27問 · 2年前

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Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of water?

Medium for chemical reactions, Lubricates joints, Maintains body temperature

Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.

True

As perspiration ______, heat is removed from the body.

evaporates

The fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus during development is called ______ fluid.

amniotic

Not including water from food and metabolism, how much fluid should a healthy adult man consume each day?

13 cups

As perspiration evaporates, heat energy is

released from body.

Select all that apply Which of the following are factors that influence hydration status?

Alcohol intake, Ambient temperature, Physical activity, Caffeine intake

Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body

through the production of urine.

Which of the following will occur when the brain registers the need for you to drink water?

Thirsty

Evaporation of 1 quart of perspiration releases about ______ kilocalories of heat energy from the body.

600

Secretions of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract best exemplify the role of water as

a lubricant.

Select all that apply Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration?

Increased fatigue, Increased thirst, Increased muscle weakness

Not including water from food and metabolism, how much fluid should a healthy adult woman consume each day?

9 cups

For most people, the largest proportion of daily fluid loss is due to

urine production.

When children have fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased perspiration, they are at ______ risk for dehydration.

increased

The body increases fluid conservation by producing hormones. The ______ hormone forces the kidneys to conserve water. The kidneys respond by reducing urine flow.

antidiuretic

Drinking too much water is just as dangerous as drinking too little water.

True

Which of the following statements about the safety of water is true?

The FDA's safety standards for bottled water are the same as the EPA's safety standards for municipal tap water.

If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.

True

The fluid contained within a cell is also called ______.

intracellular fluid

Select all that apply Which of the following population groups should be monitored closely for dehydration?

Sick children, Endurance athletes with increased perspiration, Older adults

Hyponatremia occurs when too much ______ is consumed.

water

During nerve impulse transmission, the cell membrane becomes depolarized when

sodium ions rush into the cell.

A person with diabetic acidosis might have a blood pH of ______.

7.1

The fluid contained outside the cell is called what type of fluid?

Extracellular

Sodium is an electrolyte.

True

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of extracellular fluid?

Interstitial fluid, Lymph, Plasma

A diet low in sodium, coupled with excessive perspiration, persistent vomiting, or diarrhea, has the ability to deplete the body of sodium. This can lead to muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and, later, shock and coma.

True

At rest, the inside of the nerve cell membrane is slightly negatively charged. Then, a stimulus causes sodium ions to rush into the nerve cell, a process called

depolarization.

The majority of salt present in the American food supply is

added during food processing.

Select all that apply Choose the statements that are true regarding sodium sensitivity.

Sodium sensitivity increases the blood pressure., Approximately 10% to 15% of adults are sodium sensitive.

The respiratory system, urinary system, and the body's buffer systems function to maintain the pH of blood and extracellular fluids at

7.4

Most adults in the United States have sodium intakes that are

higher than the recommendation.

What is the major positive ion outside cells in extracellular fluid, and a key factor for retaining body water?

Sodium

Select all that apply Potassium performs many of the same functions as sodium, such as

regulating fluid balance., nerve impulse transmission.

Select all that apply From the following list, select all of the conditions that can deplete the body of sodium.

Excessive perspiration, Persistent vomiting or diarrhea

Diuretics are prescribed

to lower blood pressure.

Select all that apply Which of the following foods and beverages are rich sources of sodium?

Pepperoni pizza, 2 slices, Ham, sliced, 1 ounce, Chicken noodle soup, canned, 1 cup

Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should

choose more fruits and vegetables.

All people with high blood pressure are sodium sensitive.

False

Intakes of sodium that exceed the CDRR typically increase

blood pressure.

When the kidneys function poorly, ______ builds up in the blood. This inhibits heart function, causing slowed heartbeat. If untreated, this can be fatal, as the heart eventually stops beating.

potassium

Functions of potassium in the body include

fluid balance.

A substance that increases the volume of urine is called a(n):

diuretic.

Select all that apply Which of following are functions of chloride in the human body?

Nerve impulse conduction, Stomach acid production, Immune response

Select all that apply Which of the following are good food sources of potassium?

Plain yogurt, 1 cup, Acorn squash, 1 cup, Baked potato with skin, 1 medium

An individual can be at risk for having a chloride deficiency after frequent and lengthy bouts of

vomiting.

Select all that apply Processed foods are the main source of which nutrients in North American diets?

Chloride, Sodium

The most dangerous consequence of high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) is due to its effects on the

heart.

Excess dietary ________ may increase blood pressure.

sodium

______ ions are a component of the acid produced in the stomach and are also used during immune responses as white blood cells attack foreign cells.

Chloride

Select all that apply A person with ______ would be at risk of developing a chloride deficiency.

bulimia nervosa, severe foodborne illness

Optimal systolic pressure is less than

120 mm Hg.

What is the primary food source of chloride in the American diet?

Salt

High blood pressure with no clear-cut cause is called

primary hypertension.

The #1 lifestyle factor related to hypertension is

obesity.

A high intake of chloride, usually in the form of sodium chloride, is linked to

hypertension.

Inactivity is the ______ lifestyle factor that contributes to the risk for to hypertension.

Excess alcohol intake is considered to be the ______ lifestyle factor that contributes to the risk for hypertension.

Optimal diastolic blood pressure is less than

80 mm Hg.

Hypertension with a known cause such as kidney disease is called _____.

secondary hypertension

Select all that apply Name the minerals that may help to lower blood pressure.

calcium, potassium, magnesium

The #2 lifestyle factor related to hypertension is

inactivity.

The #3 lifestyle factor related to hypertension is

excessive alcohol intake.

Diuretics are a common medication given to lower

blood pressure.

As potassium intake increases, blood pressure tends to

decrease.

The #1 lifestyle factor related to hypertension is

obesity.

Select all that apply Medications for the treatment of hypertension include

diuretics., relaxants of the small muscles lining the blood vessels.

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