Chapter 5 HW

74問 • 2年前

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Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common?

Do not readily dissolve in water

A(n) ______ is made of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

triglyceride

Which of the following types of fatty acids has no carbon-carbon double bonds?

Saturated fatty acid

What two chemical groups are found at the end of either side of the fatty-acid carbon chain?

An acid group (COOH) and a methyl group (CH3)

Monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats all provide the same number of calories.

True

Select all that apply What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

glycerol backbone, three attached fatty acids

______ fatty acids contain no carbon-carbon double bonds.

Saturated

Most foods containing saturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature.

solid

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature.

True

A molecule with a long chain of carbons bonded together and flanked by hydrogens with an acid group on one end and a methyl group on the other end is called a

fatty acid.

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are both

essential fatty acids.

Butter is solid at room temperature. Butter contains mostly ______ fatty acids.

saturated

Phospholipids are essential parts of only a few types of cells, like adipose and liver cells.

False

Oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids are typically ______ at room temperature.

liquid

Cholesterol _____ be made by the body.

can

Most fruits are low in fat, with the exception of

avocados.

Select all that apply Which two fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

Alpha-linolenic acid, Linoleic acid

What type of lipid is made of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus-containing group?

Phospholipid

A major function of phospholipids (e.g., lecithin) in foods is to act as a(n):

emulsifier.

Choose a lipid that can be synthesized by the body.

Cholesterol

Select all that apply What are some examples of foods that are considered high in fat?

whole milk, avocado, salad oils, butter

______ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.

Cholesterol

High-fat foods cannot be included in a healthy, well-balanced dietary pattern.

False

What is the function of an emulsifier?

Suspends fats in water.

Select all that apply What are some of the positive attributes of dietary fat?

Many flavors are fat-soluble, so fat enhances the flavor of foods., Fat imparts a creamy texture to foods.

Select all that apply Which of the following foods contain more than 8 grams of fat in a typical serving?

Croissant, 1 medium, Avocado, 1/2 cup, Ranch salad dressing, 2 tablespoons

Select all that apply What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol?

chicken, eggs, ice cream

Why do reduced-fat foods contain the same, or similar, amount of calories as their reference foods?

When fat is removed, sugar is usually added to maintain a palatable flavor and texture, usually resulting in similar energy content.

High-fat foods

can be included in a healthy eating pattern if they are balanced with low-fat foods.

______ occurs when the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids in food products are broken down by ultraviolet light or oxygen.

Rancidity

Select all that apply If a food manufacturer sets out to reduce the fat content of a cookie, the food scientists will need to consider:

changes in the texture of the food product., changes in the flavor of the food product.

Which enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion?

Lipase

When fat content has been reduced in a food, total caloric content may not be substantially reduced because:

more sugar has been added.

When the ______ in polyunsaturated fatty acids break down, rancid by-products occur.

carbon-carbon double bonds

Select all that apply Which of the following are products of fat digestion in the small intestine?

Monoglycerides, Fatty acids

Select all that apply What three organs and/or glands produce lipase to digest triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract?

pancreas, stomach, salivary glands

Primarily, fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream

as part of lipoproteins.

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the

blood vessels.

In the small intestine, lipase breaks down ______ to produce a mixture of fatty acids, glycerol, and monoglycerides.

triglycerides

Select all that apply Which of the following statements describe low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)?

Transports cholesterol to tissues throughout the body, Linked to cardiovascular disease risk

Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream?

Picks up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources, Donates cholesterol to other lipoprotein for transport back to the liver for excretion

______ transport lipids from the small intestine and liver to body tissues.

Lipoproteins

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein lipase

______-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol.

Low

Select all that apply What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

insulation, transport of fat-soluble vitamins, energy storage

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are lipoproteins synthesized by the liver to transport triglycerides from the liver to other cells throughout the body. As VLDLs circulate through the body, triglycerides from the core of the lipoprotein are broken down so that fatty acids can be taken up by body tissues. The lipoprotein that remains after much of the triglycerides have been depleted from the VLDL is called a

low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and returns it to the liver for excretion.

True

Select all that apply Fatty acids are used as the primary energy source by muscles:

during low-intensity physical activity., when the body is at rest.

Select all that apply Why are triglycerides ideal for fat storage?

They are energy dense., They are chemically stable.

Why is LDL considered "bad" cholesterol?

LDL contributes to the development of plaque inside the arteries.

Which of the following is the body's most efficient form of stored energy?

Triglycerides

The layer of fat beneath the skin serves to:

insulate the body.

About half of the energy our body uses at rest and during low-intensity exercise (or light activity) comes from fatty acids.

True

Due to their high energy density (9 kcal per gram) ______ are the ideal form of energy storage for the body.

lipids

Choose a function of fat tissue.

Protects organs from injury.

Select all that apply Which two substances are important for emulsification of fats during digestion?

Phospholipids, Cholesterol

______ form the structure of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Phospholipids

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for lipids according to the Food and Nutrition Board?

20% to 35% of total calories

Select all that apply What are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids?

Impaired wound healing, Flaky/itchy skin, Growth restriction

The presence of fat in foods ______ the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine.

increases

For individuals who need to lower their blood cholesterol, the AHA recommends limiting saturated fat to no more than ______ of total calories.

5% to 6%

Which of the following is a function of the phospholipid molecule?

Formation of cell membranes

Select all that apply Which of the following have the biggest impact on blood cholesterol levels?

trans fat intake, saturated fat intake

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range set by the Food and Nutrition Board for lipids is [blank] % to [blank] % of kilocalories.

20, 35

To reduce heart attack risk, the American Heart Association recommends consuming fish:

twice per week.

What dietary deficiency would you suspect if a person has flaky and itchy skin, diarrhea, poor wound healing, and frequent infections?

Essential fatty acids

Which of the following is a leading source of fat in the Mediterranean diet?

olive oil

According to the American Heart Association, individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (or who already have cardiovascular disease) should limit saturated fat intake to

no more than 5% to 6% of total kilocalories.

What is the latest recommendation from the Dietary Guidelines for intake of dietary cholesterol?

Keep dietary cholesterol as low as possible while still meeting your needs for essential nutrients.

Fatty fish provide eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are two ______ that are important for brain and heart health.

omega-3 fatty acids

Preparing meals with plant oils, such as olive oil, rather than animal fats, such as butter, is one way to improve the fat ______ of your diet.

quality

Heart disease is the ______ leading cause of death among North American adults.

Most Americans need to improve

the quality of the fats they choose to consume.

The leading cause of death among North American adults is:

cardiovascular disease.

Art History

Zander Chavez · 27問 · 2年前

Art History