Chapter 10 HW

81問 • 1年前

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Select all that apply Choose the functions of the immune system.

Prevent infection, Break down aged and dying cells, Remove abnormal cells

Select all that apply What body systems provide chemical and physical barriers against invading pathogens, giving support to the immune system?

Integumentary system (skin), Digestive system (GI tract)

Clusters of lymphoid tissue situated along the lymph vessels, that trap and destroy pathogens are called ________ _________.

lymph nodes

The thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes are tissues specific to the ______ system.

immune

The immunity that we are born with and is our first line of defense against infection is called ________ immunity.

innate

Preventing infections, breaking down aged and dying cells, and removing abnormal cells are all functions of the _________ system.

immune

Select all that apply Choose the nutrients that support the immune system.

Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Iron

Clusters of lymphoid tissue situated along the lymph vessels that trap and destroy pathogens are called _____.

lymph nodes

When a person experiences oxidative stress, production of ______ in the body is high.

free radicals

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of lymphoid tissues?

spleen, thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes

The physical and chemical barriers of the skin and the GI tract are part of _____ immunity.

innate

Free radicals can damage the DNA inside cells, which directs how cells grow and develop. This damage is particularly influential in the development of

cancer.

Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are three _____ that can be converted to retinol.

carotenoids

______ describes a situation in which the production of free radicals outpaces the body's antioxidant defenses.

Oxidative stress

Which vitamin plays a major role in maintaining the health of the epithelial cells?

vitamin A

What is the leading cause of legal blindness among North American adults over the age of 65?

Macular degeneration

Select all that apply Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of

eye diseases., diabetes., cancer.

Select all that apply Select the carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the body.

Beta-carotene, Beta-cryptoxanthin, Alpha-carotene

Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables are sources of

carotenoids.

This vitamin is known as the "anti-infection" vitamin because it maintains the health of the epithelial cells.

vitamin A

Select all that apply High intakes of dietary carotenoids do not result in toxicities because

the efficiency of carotenoid absorption from the small intestine declines as intake increases., the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into vitamin A is slow and regulated.

______, which are compounds found in fruits and vegetables, lessen the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts.

Carotenoids

Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?

Synthesis of bone tissue, Wound healing

Mary tells you that she is taking 1 gram of vitamin C daily to prevent a cold. Which of the following is true regarding megadoses of vitamin C?

Excess vitamin C is excreted from the body.

Select all that apply Sources of provitamin A carotenoids include

broccoli., carrots., sweet potatoes.

The chemical name for the four forms of Vitamin E is

tocopherols.

Select all that apply Where is most of vitamin E found within the body?

Cell membrane, Adipose tissue

The primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is

yellowing of the skin.

Preterm infants tend to be born with low stores of:

vitamin E.

Vitamin C is needed for the production of which protein?

Collagen

Select all that apply Which of the following are good food sources of vitamin E?

Dry-roasted sunflower seeds, 1 ounce, Sunflower oil, 1 tablespoon, Total Raisin Bran cereal, 1 cup

Why will megadoses of vitamin C not be toxic?

Vitamin C is water soluble and not stored.

Select all that apply The names of the four tocotrienols are called what?

delta, alpha, beta, gamma

Excessive intake of Vitamin E can interfere with which vitamin?

The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin responsible for protecting cell membranes by helping to stop damage by free radicals is

vitamin E.

Select all that apply Recall that selenium has numerous functions, including

thyroid hormone metabolism., glutathione peroxidase activity.

Select all that apply Groups who are at high risk of a vitamin E deficiency include

smokers., preterm infants.

Which food sources are naturally higher in vitamin E?

Plant

Select all that apply A selenium deficiency may lead to which of the following conditions?

muscle pain, muscle wasting, heart damage

What is the interaction between vitamin E and vitamin K?

Excessive levels of vitamin E will reduce the clotting ability of vitamin K.

Which food group provides the most nutrient-dense sources of selenium?

Protein foods

What is the best understood role of selenium?

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Daily consumption of Brazil nuts is not advised because they contain such a high level of selenium.

True

Select all that apply Selenium deficiency symptoms include

muscle pain and wasting., heart damage.

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.

Tuna, 3 oz

The mineral vital for white blood cell formation and function is

zinc

Select the Upper Level for selenium.

400 mcg/day

An acne-like rash, diarrhea, lack of appetite, delayed wound healing, impaired immunity, reduced sense of taste and smell, and hair loss are all symptoms of a ______ deficiency.

zinc

Select all that apply About 80% of the zinc in the diet of Americans is provided by

dairy products, fortified cereal, meat and poultry, fish

Select all that apply Zinc toxicity can occur from

zinc supplements, overconsumption of zinc-fortified foods

Select all that apply Which of the following are rich sources of antioxidants?

Squash, Blueberries, Oranges

Select all that apply Choose the statements that are TRUE about zinc.

Vital for white blood cell formation and function, Supports the storage, release, and function of insulin

Select all that apply Choose symptoms of zinc deficiency.

acne-like rash, altered taste and smell, lack of appetite

What is the mineral that North Americans consume at about 10 to 14 milligrams per day, 80% is provided by meat, fish, poultry, fortified cereal, and dairy products, and there are no indications of moderate or severe deficiency in a healthy population.

Zinc

Select all that apply Choose statements that are TRUE about probiotics.

They exert positive effects on human health when consumed in sufficient quantities., They are live microorganisms.

An excessive zinc intake over time can lead to problems with the metabolism of

copper

The community of microorganisms living in a region of the body, such as the large intestine, is called the

microbiota.

To improve intake of antioxidant nutrients,

choose a variety of brightly colored fruits and vegetables.

The best environment for a healthy immune system is

a variety of gut microbiota

Live microorganisms that have positive effects on human health are called _______.

probiotics

Select all that apply Choose the statements that are TRUE about the gut microbiota.

The composition of the gut microbiota varies from person to person., A person's dietary pattern can influence the community of microorganisms that populate the GI tract., Human are born with a sterile gut, which becomes colonized with microorganisms after birth.

The most extensively studied benefit of probiotics is the reduction of

diarrhea.

Animals born and raised in a sterile environment have a stronger immune system capable of fighting more diseases.

False

Select all that apply What are some of the proposed causes of the increase in allergies and autoimmune diseases?

changes in diet, use of antibiotics, infectious disease rates, makeup of the microbiota

Currently, there are no statements approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the role probiotics may have in curing, treating, or preventing disease.

True

Select all that apply The most common side effects of probiotics are

gas., abdominal bloating.

The most extensively studied benefit of _______ is on the reduction of diarrhea.

probiotics

Increases in allergies and autoimmune diseases may be attributed to

alterations to the microbiota.

Select all that apply What should you look for on the food label when purchasing probiotics?

"promotes digestive health", "supports immune function", "clinically proven"

______ is abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells that results from mutations in DNA.

Cancer

Gas and abdominal bloating are the most common side effects of

probiotics.

The most extensively studied benefit of probiotics is the reduction of

diarrhea.

If cancer is left untreated, it can ______, which means it can spread to distant sites of the body.

metastasize

Select all that apply Which of the following are early warning signs of cancer and are included in the acronym CAUTION?

Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that does not heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness

Select all that apply What accounts for the huge variation in cancer rates from country to country?

environmental exposures, modifiable lifestyle factors

The initiation of cancer begins with a mutation in the _______ of a cell.

DNA

Early detection of cancer is critical to help prevent the spread of the disease.

True

The acronym that will help you remember the many early warning signs of cancer is _____.

CAUTION

Which exerts the greatest risk for cancer development?

Environment

______ is abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells that results from mutations in DNA.

Cancer

Select all that apply Choose the recommendations from the American Institute for Cancer Research for cancer prevention.

Fill at least two-thirds of your plate with vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and beans., Be physically active., Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.

Art History

Zander Chavez · 27問 · 2年前

Art History