Chapter 3 HW

Zander Chavez · 27問 · 2年前

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Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called __________.

cells

A group of cells that works together to perform a specific function is a(n):

tissue.

The endocrine system is related to nutrition through

the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth.

The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in cells is called

ATP

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles are part of a self-contained, living entity called a(n):

cell.

Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest:

starch

Select all that apply Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy?

Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates

Peristalsis refers to:

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of:

amylase.

The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in:

making dietary minerals soluble., activating some digestive enzymes., partially digesting protein.

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the:

small intestine.

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called:

peristalsis.

The Blank______ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.

acid

The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.

False

Which digestive organ has a highly folded surface, covered with villi?

Small intestine

Feces are expelled from the body through the:

anal sphincters.

What is stored in the gallbladder?

bile

Select all that apply Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine

absorbs fewer nutrients., houses more bacteria.

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the:

rectum.

"Heartburn" doesn't involve the heart at all; it is a pain in the chest caused by:

reflux of highly acidic stomach contents into the esophagus.

The organ that stores bile is the:

gallbladder.

Select all that apply Identify symptoms of GERD.

gagging, nausea, hoarseness

The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.

False

Which of the following occurs when a person with heartburn takes an antacid?

The acidity of stomach contents is reduced.

Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?

Frequent use of NSAIDs

The pain related to GERD is due to:

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of:

acid reflux

What can be taken to reduce acid in the stomach?

antacids

Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring?

Avoiding smoking, Limiting use of NSAIDs

An individual with GERD should not lie down after eating because lying down:

allows stomach acid to enter the esophagus.

Select all that apply Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?

nausea and vomiting, unexpected weight loss, stomach pain about 2 hours after eating

Which of the following are serious risks of untreated peptic ulcers?

internal bleeding, infections

Select all that apply Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.

calcium supplements, iron supplements, antacids

To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches.

heartburn

For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?

Peptic ulcer

If left untreated, Blank______ can erode through the lining of the small intestine, causing a severe infection and internal bleeding.

an ulcer

Regularly ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement may lead to

constipation.

Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of:

constipation.

To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine:

consume additional fluid.

Select all that apply Laxatives can lessen constipation by:

stimulating the nerves of the GI tract., increasing fecal bulk., drawing water into the large intestine.

Select all that apply Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes:

consuming more fluids daily., consuming more fiber daily.

Select all that apply Treatment for mild constipation includes:

engaging in physical activity., consuming additional fluid.

Straining during defecation can lead to the development of:

hemorrhoids.

The safest types of laxatives are those that:

increase fecal bulk.

Mark has a history of constipation. Lately, he reports pain and occasional rectal bleeding during bowel movements. It is likely that Mark has:

hemorrhoids.

Select all that apply It is difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but some possible causes include:

alteration of hormones that regulate the movement of food through the GI tract., inflammatory responses., depression and stress

Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?

Some patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.

Select all that apply Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids?

Pregnancy, Obesity, Prolonged sitting

Select all that apply Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hemorrhoids?

Streaks of blood in the stool, Itching in the rectal area, Pain with bowel movements

Depression and stress likely contribute to the development of:

IBS

A low-FODMAP diet may be helpful to relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

True

Straining during defecation can lead to the development of:

hemorrhoids.

Which of the following digestive complaints is commonly caused by bacterial infections?

diarrhea

For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually Blank______ for recovery.

not necessary

Gallstones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the:

liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile.

When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the:

upper right abdomen.

Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease?

Genetic predisposition to celiac disease, Dietary exposure to gluten

Which of the following are typical causes of diarrhea?

microorganisms, poorly absorbed food substances

The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide:

fluids and electrolytes.

The secretion of more cholesterol into bile may lead to:

gallstones

Dana reports abdominal pain, gas, and bloating after eating, especially meals that are high in fat. She may have:

gallstones.

A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of:

celiac disease

Which of the following meals would fit into a gluten-free diet for a person with celiac disease?

Pork roast, sweet potatoes, and brown rice

Which of the following digestive complaints is commonly caused by bacterial infections?

diarrhea

is naturally found in which of the following grains?

Barley, Wheat, Rye

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