Chapter 12 HW

Zander Chavez · 27問 · 2年前

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Coenzymes play an important role in metabolism because they

aid in the function of activating enzymes.

Select all that apply B vitamins are required for

chemical breakdown of carbohydrates., synthesis of lipids., metabolism of amino acids.

In North America, intake of B vitamins generally

meets or exceeds recommendations.

Nutrients are lost during refinement of grains because

the germ, bran, and husk are discarded.

The thiamin coenzyme is particularly important for the release of energy from

carbohydrates.

A compound that combines with an inactive enzyme to form an active enzyme is called a(n)

coenzyme.

The coenzyme forms of ______ are integral to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein for energy.

B vitamins

Select all that apply Typical North American B vitamin status is good because:

sources of B-vitamins are widespread in the food supply., many foods are fortified with B vitamins.

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of

thiamin.

Select all that apply Compared to refined or processed grains, whole grains contain

more vitamin E., more fiber., more magnesium.

Select all that apply Which two food groups supply the most thiamin in the typical American diet?

Protein foods, Grains

The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrates and some amino acids is

thiamin.

Which of the following B-vitamins plays a role in the body's antioxidant defense system as a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?

Riboflavin

A riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with a deficiency of several other B vitamins because

these nutrients often occur in the same foods.

Cow's milk is an excellent source of

riboflavin.

A person experiencing weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and edema caused from lack of thiamin is experiencing the deficiency disease known as

beriberi.

The coenzyme forms of ______ are involved in breakdown and synthesis of fat and protein.

niacin

Select all that apply Identify three food sources of thiamin.

Enriched flour, Whole grains, Pork

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin?

dementia., diarrhea., dermatitis.

Select all that apply Functions of riboflavin include

assisting antioxidant reactions., release of energy from fatty acids.

Riboflavin deficiency is usually accompanied by deficiencies of several other B vitamins.

True

The human body can synthesize niacin from an amino acid: _________ mg of tryptophan can be converted into about 1 mg of niacin.

Select all that apply Food sources of riboflavin include

eggs., enriched grains., milk.

Niacin is

a coenzyme in metabolic reactions that yield energy from food.

Select all that apply High intakes of nicotinic acid can lead to

facial flushing., headache., itching.

Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death are symptoms of the deficiency disease known as

pellagra.

Which of the following B-vitamins functions in the release of energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as well as in fatty acid synthesis? Its name comes from the Greek word meaning "from every side."

pantothenic acid

Select all that apply Choose the true statements about pantothenic acid deficiency.

A pantothenic acid deficiency may be unrecognizable., Symptoms would be hidden among deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and folate., Might occur in alcoholism along with a nutrient-deficient diet.

Select all that apply The body's needs for niacin are met by

synthesis from tryptophan., food sources.

The Adequate Intake for pantothenic acid for adults is ______ for adult men and women.

5 milligrams per day

Select all that apply Megadoses of niacin are sometimes used to lower blood lipids in patients with cardiovascular disease. A risk of chronically exceeding the UL for niacin is damage to the

GI tract., liver.

The coenzyme form of ______ participates in more than 100 amino acid metabolism reactions, including homocysteine metabolism.

vitamin B-6

Select all that apply The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in

release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins., fatty acid synthesis.

Because it is necessary for over 100 reactions in amino acid metabolism, a deficiency of ______ leads to widespread symptoms, including depression, skin disorders, and nerve problems.

vitamin B-6

Select all that apply A deficiency of pantothenic acid may occur in

an alcoholic., a nutrient-deficient diet.

The average intake of pantothenic acid of North Americans is ______ the AI.

greater than

Although the vitamin B-6 requirements of ______ are somewhat higher than the RDA, their needs are typically met by the diet.

athletes

A B-vitamin that functions in the addition of carbon dioxide to other compounds during metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids is ______.

biotin

Select all that apply The functions of vitamin B-6 include

homocysteine metabolism., synthesis of nonessential amino acids., synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Select all that apply Which of the following body systems are affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Nervous, Cardiovascular, Immune

Select all that apply Possible symptoms of biotin deficiency include ______.

nausea and vomiting, skin inflammation, muscle pain and weakness

An athlete uses more vitamin B-6 than a sedentary person.

True

Biotin deficiency is rare even when the dietary intake is low because biotin can be

synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

The coenzyme form of biotin functions to add ______ to compounds in metabolic reactions.

carbon dioxide

Which of the following can bind to biotin and inhibit its absorption?

Avidin

The thyroid gland uses ______ to synthesize thyroid hormones.

iodine

A person with iodine deficiency may experience

decreased thyroid function.

The deficiency disease that causes scaly, inflamed skin, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weakness is due to a lack of which B-vitamin?

Biotin

Biotin can be synthesized by bacteria that live in the human gastrointestinal tract.

True

Select all that apply Which of the following are rich sources of iodine?

Dairy products, Seafood and seaweed

The protein called avidin in raw egg whites inhibits the absorption of

biotin.

Which of the following is a function of chromium?

Glucose uptake

Select the primary function of iodine.

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Chromium deficiency may lead to

hyperglycemia.

As a result of a chronically inadequate iodine intake, an adult may develop

a goiter.

Many food composition databases lack information regarding ______ content of foods.

chromium

What is the best food source for iodine?

Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp

Select all that apply The functions of manganese include

free-radical metabolism., bone formation., energy metabolism.

Glucose intolerance may be a sign of ______ deficiency.

chromium

The main function of molybdenum is

as a part of several human enzymes.

Elevated levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol are clinical features of ______ deficiency.

chromium

Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that primarily functions in

cell membrane structure.

Select all that apply Which of the following are dietary sources of chromium?

Organ meats, Beer, Nuts

Choline is a precursor for ______, which transfers single-carbon groups in metabolic reactions.

betaine

______ is the choline-containing compound that helps to insulate nerve cells.

Sphingomyelin

Which of the following minerals participates in bone formation, antioxidant reactions, and metabolism of glucose and amino acids?

Manganese

Molybdenum participates in

amino acid metabolism.

Choline is involved in the transport of ______ through the blood.

lipids

Choline plays a role in synthesis of which of the following components of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids

Protein foods are rich in choline.

true

Select all that apply Choline's role in transfer of single-carbon groups during metabolic reactions influences risk for

cardiovascular disease., birth defects.

______ is the choline-containing compound that functions as a neurotransmitter.

Acetylcholine

Select all that apply Choline deficiency could lead to

abnormal blood lipids., fatty liver.

The most nutrient-dense food source of choline is

eggs.

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