Coenzymes play an important role in metabolism because they

Select all that apply B vitamins are required for

In North America, intake of B vitamins generally

Nutrients are lost during refinement of grains because

The thiamin coenzyme is particularly important for the release of energy from

A compound that combines with an inactive enzyme to form an active enzyme is called a(n)

The coenzyme forms of ______ are integral to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein for energy.

Select all that apply Typical North American B vitamin status is good because:

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of

Select all that apply Compared to refined or processed grains, whole grains contain

Select all that apply Which two food groups supply the most thiamin in the typical American diet?

The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrates and some amino acids is

Which of the following B-vitamins plays a role in the body's antioxidant defense system as a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?

A riboflavin deficiency usually occurs with a deficiency of several other B vitamins because

Cow's milk is an excellent source of

A person experiencing weakness, loss of appetite, poor coordination, and edema caused from lack of thiamin is experiencing the deficiency disease known as

The coenzyme forms of ______ are involved in breakdown and synthesis of fat and protein.

Select all that apply Identify three food sources of thiamin.

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin?

Select all that apply Functions of riboflavin include

Riboflavin deficiency is usually accompanied by deficiencies of several other B vitamins.

The human body can synthesize niacin from an amino acid: _________ mg of tryptophan can be converted into about 1 mg of niacin.

Select all that apply Food sources of riboflavin include

Niacin is

Select all that apply High intakes of nicotinic acid can lead to

Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death are symptoms of the deficiency disease known as

Which of the following B-vitamins functions in the release of energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as well as in fatty acid synthesis? Its name comes from the Greek word meaning "from every side."

Select all that apply Choose the true statements about pantothenic acid deficiency.

Select all that apply The body's needs for niacin are met by

The Adequate Intake for pantothenic acid for adults is ______ for adult men and women.

Select all that apply Megadoses of niacin are sometimes used to lower blood lipids in patients with cardiovascular disease. A risk of chronically exceeding the UL for niacin is damage to the

The coenzyme form of ______ participates in more than 100 amino acid metabolism reactions, including homocysteine metabolism.

Select all that apply The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in

Because it is necessary for over 100 reactions in amino acid metabolism, a deficiency of ______ leads to widespread symptoms, including depression, skin disorders, and nerve problems.

Select all that apply A deficiency of pantothenic acid may occur in

The average intake of pantothenic acid of North Americans is ______ the AI.

Although the vitamin B-6 requirements of ______ are somewhat higher than the RDA, their needs are typically met by the diet.

A B-vitamin that functions in the addition of carbon dioxide to other compounds during metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids is ______.

Select all that apply The functions of vitamin B-6 include

Select all that apply Which of the following body systems are affected by vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Select all that apply Possible symptoms of biotin deficiency include ______.

An athlete uses more vitamin B-6 than a sedentary person.

Biotin deficiency is rare even when the dietary intake is low because biotin can be

The coenzyme form of biotin functions to add ______ to compounds in metabolic reactions.

Which of the following can bind to biotin and inhibit its absorption?

The thyroid gland uses ______ to synthesize thyroid hormones.

A person with iodine deficiency may experience

The deficiency disease that causes scaly, inflamed skin, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weakness is due to a lack of which B-vitamin?

Biotin can be synthesized by bacteria that live in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Select all that apply Which of the following are rich sources of iodine?

The protein called avidin in raw egg whites inhibits the absorption of

Which of the following is a function of chromium?

Select the primary function of iodine.

Chromium deficiency may lead to

As a result of a chronically inadequate iodine intake, an adult may develop

Many food composition databases lack information regarding ______ content of foods.

What is the best food source for iodine?

Select all that apply The functions of manganese include

Glucose intolerance may be a sign of ______ deficiency.

The main function of molybdenum is

Elevated levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol are clinical features of ______ deficiency.

Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that primarily functions in

Select all that apply Which of the following are dietary sources of chromium?

Choline is a precursor for ______, which transfers single-carbon groups in metabolic reactions.

______ is the choline-containing compound that helps to insulate nerve cells.

Which of the following minerals participates in bone formation, antioxidant reactions, and metabolism of glucose and amino acids?

Molybdenum participates in

Choline is involved in the transport of ______ through the blood.

Choline plays a role in synthesis of which of the following components of the cell membrane?

Protein foods are rich in choline.

Select all that apply Choline's role in transfer of single-carbon groups during metabolic reactions influences risk for

______ is the choline-containing compound that functions as a neurotransmitter.

Select all that apply Choline deficiency could lead to

The most nutrient-dense food source of choline is