•Many scholars have defined _ as any informational work made with an intention to relay information or recounting certain events in a presentable manner • Note that _ is always written in a sequential manner in order of occurrence

It is a form of writing a technical communication or documentation in science and technology and applied science that helps people understand a product or service

The main purpose of _ writing is to inform and to trigger the person into action such as purchasing a product or service. Its purpose may also be instructed persuade, but never entertain. For example: user manual.

The content is factual and straightforward. It is expressed in formal, standard or academic language. The write-up uses a specialized vocabulary and follows a set of rules and conventions

The tone of _ writing output is objective and its audience is specific uses language to evoke either an emotional or intellectual response from the audience or reader.

The purpose of a _in the social sciences is to describe the observation of people, places, and/or events and to analyze that observation data in order to identify and categorize common interest themes in relation to the research problem underpinning the study.

_ facilitate the development of data collection techniques and observation skills and they help you to understand how theory applies to real world situations.

_ are also an opportunity to obtain evidence through methods of observing professional practice that contribute to or challenge existing theories.

The purpose of a _ is to clearly communicate your key message about why your scientific findings are meaningful. You need to explain why you are testing a hypothesis, what methodology you used, what you found, and why your findings are meaningful.

This requires a clear link between your introduction and your analysis/discussion. One good example of report that you should know which is commonly used in the field of hard sciences is referred as Research Report

used in the field of hard sciences is referred as _

parts of the research report

It is written after getting data from a survey.

It is commonly called lab report. It is written in a formal and organized manner.

It is sometimes called trip report.

To collect people's responses or answers about a particular issue or topic

To present results or findings from experiments.

To describe and analyze a systematic observation.

It is data gathering tool is composed of a set question used in a survey and is utilized in various fields such as politics, research, marketing, media and so on. it is intended to gather data, views, and opinions and others from individuals or a particular group of people It is an important tool used in order to collect the necessary information that will benefit the people and the community.

6 popular types of questionnare

These are the most popular survey question type. They allow your respondents to select one or more options from a list of answers that you define.

It displays a scale of answers options from any range (0 to 100, 1 to 10, etc.).

It is the "Do you agree or Disagree" questions you often see in surveys and are used to gauge respondents' opinions and feelings.

It asks respondents to order answer choices by way of preference

It is a series of Likert scale questions or a series of rating scale questions

It requires a respondents to type their answer into answer into a comment box and don't provide specific pre-set answer options.

5 kinds or report

This process of conducting the survey involves the researcher. It is used to probe the answers of the respondents and at the same time, to observe the behavior of the respondents, either individually or as a group.

The interview set personally, and the people involved face each other in order to gather the necessary information. Questions on the survey are asked directly to the respondent by the researcher.

The survey is done using telephone or cellular phones. The calls are made to ask individuals about certain questions. This method can be used for asking consequential questions.

In this type of approach, the survey is administered without the actual presence of the researcher and the respondents are expected to accomplish the survey independently.

This is a traditional method of administering a survey which entalls that respondent be or are accompanied by someone who is computer literate.

This is a useful technique especially for studies which include many respondents from different locations. This is used to gather information from respondents who live in different areas. This enables all participants to answer through different online platforms.

This is popular tool requires an easy-administering of the survey where survey questionnaires are mailed to individuals who are given enough time to read and ponder on the information asked.

3 self administered approach

2 personal approach

2 methods in administering a survey