LESSON 1 ( pan determinisms view of freedom as an illusion

27問 • 2年前

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what are the 3 determinism

biological psychological sociological

is "the view which disregards [the human] capacity to take a stand toward any conditions whatsoever." Specifically, it states that a human person is not free because his/her decisions, actions, and behavior are determined by his/her biological, psychological, and sociological conditions.

pan determinism

• Humans are biologically pre-disposed to decide, act, or behave in a certain way. • What humans are and what they will be is determined by their biological make-up. • This explains why some humans are naturally calm, kind, friendly, and sociable; others have the opposite traits.

biological determinism

• He was born in 1856 in Frieberg, Moravia but lived and worked in Vienna, Austria. • He is considered as the father of the school of psychoanalysis. • He is known for his concepts of the three aspects of human personality (id, ego, superego) and the three levels of the mind (consciousness, subconsciousness, and unconsciousness.

sigmund freud

• Human actions are not free. They may appear free, but they are nothing but a manifestation of the various mental states, which humans are not aware of. • These mental states, in turn, govern human decisions, actions, and behaviors.

psychological determinism

3 levels of mind

conscious mind pre conscious mind unconscious mind

contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which the person is aware at any given moment.

conscious mind

contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which the person is not currently aware at any given moment. However, this can be brought to the present awareness easily the process ; of remembering.

pre conscious mind

contains all of the fears, motives, sexual drives, wishes, urges, needs, and past experiences that the person is not currently aware of and which cannot be easily brought to the conscious mind.

unconcious mind

Freud likened his concept of the mind to an _.

iceberg

he likened his concept of the mind to an iceberg.

freud

• The top of the iceberg represents the _

concious mind

• The part of the iceberg that is submerged below the water, but still visible, is the _

pre concious mind

• The bulk of the iceberg that lies unseen beneath the waterline represents the _

unconcious mind

• He is an American psychologist and social philosopher. • He is known for his defense of behaviorism, a view claiming that human behavior is conditioned. He refers to his version of behaviorism as radical behaviorism and calls his approach operant conditioning. • He published books such as Walden Two and Beyond Freedom and Dignity.

burrhus frederic skinner

• There is no autonomous agent in humans that determines their actions. Human behavior is shaped by external conditions (the surrounding environment) and not by the so-called inner self. • Actions that produce good consequences are reinforced; conversely, actions that yield negative effects have the tendency not to be repeated. • Human actions, then, depend on their consequences and not on deliberate choices.

sociological determinism

states that behavior is driven by its consequences. It is used to increase the probability that a specific behavior will occur in the future by delivering or removing a stimulus immediately after a behavior.

reinforcement

2 types of reinforcement

positive negative

occurs by presenting a motivating/ reinforcing stimulus to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.

positive reinforcement

occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.

negative reinforcement

• A mother gives her son praise for doing homework. • The little boy receives P1,000.00 for every 95 he earns on his report card. • A father gives his daughter candy for cleaning up toys. • Bob does the dishes in order to stop his mother's nagging. • Joe presses a button that turns off a loud alarm.

reinforcement

is is a process by which a consequence immediately follows a behavior which decreases the future frequency of that behavior.

punishment

2 kinds of punishment

positive negative

occurs by presenting an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future.

positive punishment

occurs when a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future.

negative punishment

• A child picks his nose during class and the teacher reprimands him in front of his classmates. • A child touches a hot stove and feels pain. • A person eats spoiled food and gets a bad taste in his/her mouth. • A child kicks a peer, and is removed from his/her favorite activity. • A child fights with her brother and has her favorite toy taken away.

punishment

• To sum up, if human behavior is determined its consequences, reinforced if it has pleasant consequences and not reinforced if it has unpleasant consequences, then it is externally determined. • If human behavior is externally determined, then it makes no sense to claim that a human person is free. • To claim that a human person is free is to posit an autonomous agent in the human person that decides independently of human behavior.

punishment burrhus frederic skinner sociological determinism

KPWKP (kakayahang pangkomunikatibo ng mga pilipino)

Samantha Danielle Sibayan · 29問 · 2年前

KPWKP (kakayahang pangkomunikatibo ng mga pilipino)