GENCHEM (PROPERTIES OF MATTER)

通報

問題一覧

anything that occupies space and has mass

matter

3 states of matter

solid liquid gas

the _ of an object is measure of the amount of matter the object has

mass

the measure of the space occupied by an object

volume

how many years ago did leucippus and Democritus believed that nature consisted of two things “atoms and the void that surrounds them”

almost 2,500 years ago

Almost 2,500 years ago, they believed that nature consisted of two things, "atoms and the void that surrounds them."

leucippus and his disciple democritus

Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his disciple, Democritus believed that nature consisted of two things _

atoms and the void that surrounds them

leucippus and democritus believed that _

atoms are physically but geometrically indivisible

greek word for atoms

atomos

greek word atomos

indivisible particle

• He developed a theory to explain why the elements in the compound always join in the same way. • He proposed explanations for many of the known laws describing the behavior of matter. • _ theory states that "All matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided."

john dalton

what theory states that "All matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided."

dalton’s theory

what are the three particles that matter is made up of

atoms molecules ions

is the smallest particle of an element that has all properties of the element.

atom

is a neutral particle that consists of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together.

molecule

is a positively and negatively charged particle.

ion

4 characteristics of particles of matter

• The particles of matter are very, very small. • The particles of matter have spaces between them. • The particles of matter are constantly moving. • The particles of matter attract each other.

5 properties of solid

• Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume. • Solids cannot be compressed much. • Solids have high densities. • Solids do not fill their container. • Solids do not flow.

5 properties of liquid

• Liquids have fixed volume but they have no shape. • Like solids, liquids cannot be compressed much. • Liquids have moderate to high densities. • Liquids do not fill their container completely. • Liquids generally flow.

5 properties of gas

• Gases have neither a fixed shape or fixed volume. • Gases can be compressed easily. • Gases have very low densities. • Gases fill their container completely. • Gases flow easily.

A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does not change the matter's identity Example: chopping carrot, breaking glass, shredding paper, crushed can and boiling water

physical change

A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with different chemical and physical properties. example: burning of paper, burning of wood, rotting apple, iron rusting, frying an egg

chemical change

• When temperature changes, matter can undergo a _, shifting from one form to another.

phase change

6 examples of phase change

melting freezing evaporation condensation sublimation deposition

• _ is the change of matter from solid state to a liquid state. • _ occurs when the molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid. Examples: • _ Ice to liquid water, _ of steel (requires very high temperatures), _ of butter, _ of. Candle, _ of chocolate

melting

• _ is a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Examples: • Water to ice cubes, Ice Pop, Frozen Milk, Ice cream

freezing

• _ is changing matter from the liquid state to gas state. • _ and condensation happen when these molecules gain or lose energy. Examples: • The smoke from a cup of tea or coffee is the liquid _, The alcohol in an alcohol bottle _ when it is opened, The water in wet clothes dries up from the sun and _, The water in a pot boils at its boiling point.

evaporation

• a substance is changed from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter. • _ is a process in which the vapor phase of a substance is changed into the liquid phase by removing and transferring heat from the vapor to a cooling medium. Examples: • Water droplets on the inside of windows, Dew on grass, Water _ on a can of cold soda, A foggy mirror, Water droplets on the outside of your cold drink

condensation

• _ is when a substance in gas form changes states to become a solid. • The gaseous substance gets _ (usually as crystals) bypassing the intermediate liquid state. Examples: • water vapor in the atmosphere changes directly into ice

deposition

• _ is a type of phase change that takes place when a solid turns directly into a gas, skipping the liquid phase. Examples: • Dry ice and Mothballs

sublimation

are properties that are observed without changing the composition of the substance.

physical properties

8 physical properties

color odor taste texture conductivity malleability ductility brittleness

are properties that are observed when a substance reacts with another substance.

chemical properties

2 classifications of matter

pure substance mixture

2 classifications of pure substance

elements compounds

2 classifications of mixture

heterogeneous homogeneous

matter that has fixed chemical composition and distinct properties

pure substance

substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components..

elements

substance composed of two or more elements.

compounds

two or more substances are mixed together

mixture

a mixture that is not uniform in phase and appearance, and its components can be distinguished from each other.

heterogeneous

is a mixture having similar (single phase) physical properties all throughout.

homogenous

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