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1
4 characteristics of particles of matter
• The particles of matter are very, very small. • The particles of matter have spaces between them. • The particles of matter are constantly moving. • The particles of matter attract each other.
2
A change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into other substances with different chemical and physical properties. example: burning of paper, burning of wood, rotting apple, iron rusting, frying an egg
chemical change
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are properties that are observed without changing the composition of the substance.
physical properties
4
• When temperature changes, matter can undergo a _, shifting from one form to another.
phase change
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• _ is a type of phase change that takes place when a solid turns directly into a gas, skipping the liquid phase. Examples: • Dry ice and Mothballs
sublimation
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Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his disciple, Democritus believed that nature consisted of two things _
atoms and the void that surrounds them
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5 properties of gas
• Gases have neither a fixed shape or fixed volume. • Gases can be compressed easily. • Gases have very low densities. • Gases fill their container completely. • Gases flow easily.
8
• _ is when a substance in gas form changes states to become a solid. • The gaseous substance gets _ (usually as crystals) bypassing the intermediate liquid state. Examples: • water vapor in the atmosphere changes directly into ice
deposition
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greek word atomos
indivisible particle
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2 classifications of matter
pure substance mixture
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a mixture that is not uniform in phase and appearance, and its components can be distinguished from each other.
heterogeneous
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anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
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is a mixture having similar (single phase) physical properties all throughout.
homogenous
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Almost 2,500 years ago, they believed that nature consisted of two things, "atoms and the void that surrounds them."
leucippus and his disciple democritus
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2 classifications of mixture
heterogeneous homogeneous
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6 examples of phase change
melting freezing evaporation condensation sublimation deposition
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is a positively and negatively charged particle.
ion
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8 physical properties
color odor taste texture conductivity malleability ductility brittleness
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2 classifications of pure substance
elements compounds
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what are the three particles that matter is made up of
atoms molecules ions
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5 properties of liquid
• Liquids have fixed volume but they have no shape. • Like solids, liquids cannot be compressed much. • Liquids have moderate to high densities. • Liquids do not fill their container completely. • Liquids generally flow.
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5 properties of solid
• Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume. • Solids cannot be compressed much. • Solids have high densities. • Solids do not fill their container. • Solids do not flow.
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is a neutral particle that consists of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together.
molecule
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matter that has fixed chemical composition and distinct properties
pure substance
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the _ of an object is measure of the amount of matter the object has
mass
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3 states of matter
solid liquid gas
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• a substance is changed from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter. • _ is a process in which the vapor phase of a substance is changed into the liquid phase by removing and transferring heat from the vapor to a cooling medium. Examples: • Water droplets on the inside of windows, Dew on grass, Water _ on a can of cold soda, A foggy mirror, Water droplets on the outside of your cold drink
condensation
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• _ is changing matter from the liquid state to gas state. • _ and condensation happen when these molecules gain or lose energy. Examples: • The smoke from a cup of tea or coffee is the liquid _, The alcohol in an alcohol bottle _ when it is opened, The water in wet clothes dries up from the sun and _, The water in a pot boils at its boiling point.
evaporation
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is the smallest particle of an element that has all properties of the element.
atom
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substance composed of two or more elements.
compounds
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how many years ago did leucippus and Democritus believed that nature consisted of two things “atoms and the void that surrounds them”
almost 2,500 years ago
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• _ is the change of matter from solid state to a liquid state. • _ occurs when the molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid. Examples: • _ Ice to liquid water, _ of steel (requires very high temperatures), _ of butter, _ of. Candle, _ of chocolate
melting
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• He developed a theory to explain why the elements in the compound always join in the same way. • He proposed explanations for many of the known laws describing the behavior of matter. • _ theory states that "All matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided."
john dalton
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substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components..
elements
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are properties that are observed when a substance reacts with another substance.
chemical properties
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what theory states that "All matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided."
dalton’s theory
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leucippus and democritus believed that _
atoms are physically but geometrically indivisible
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two or more substances are mixed together
mixture
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the measure of the space occupied by an object
volume
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greek word for atoms
atomos
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A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does not change the matter's identity Example: chopping carrot, breaking glass, shredding paper, crushed can and boiling water
physical change
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• _ is a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Examples: • Water to ice cubes, Ice Pop, Frozen Milk, Ice cream
freezing