structures of globalization

93問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

the mobility of people, capital, technology, goods and services internationally.

economic globalization

refers to how interdependent different countries and regions have become across the world.

economic globalization

Countries have rapidly been cutting down trade barriers and opening up their current accounts and capital accounts

economic globalization

Countries have rapidly been cutting down trade barriers and opening up their current accounts and capital accounts. (group)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization

economic globalization groups:

1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 2. World Trade Organization 3. European Union 4. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

are among the most autarkic self-sufficient and isolated nations on the planet

Cuba and North Korea

involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers

Economic integration

involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and aligning monetary and fiscal policies, leading to a more inter- connected global economy.

Economic integration

are legal measures put into place primarily to protect a nation’s home economy

trade barriers

They typically reduce the quantity of goods and services that can be imported.

trade barriers

refers to the interconnectedness of businesses and trading among countries

economic integration

An economy is defined as a set of inter- related activities that determine how limited resources are allocated.

economic integration

Agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and aligning monetary and fiscal policies

economic integration

Factors that affect Economic Globalization:

1. advancement of science & technologies, 2. flow of goods & capital, 3. economic reforms/policies, market

An agreement under which gold was the basis for the U.S. dollar and other currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar's value.

Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement was negotiated in (date) _____ by delegates from ___ countries

July 1944 44 countries

____was negotiated in July 1944 by delegates from 44 countries at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

The Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement was negotiated in July 1944 by delegates from 44 countries at the ___(place)

United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

___was the basis for the U.S. dollar

gold

other currencies were pegged to the ____

U.S. dollar's value

Approximately ____ delegates representing 44 countries met in Bretton Woods in July 1944

730

goals of creating an efficient foreign exchange system, preventing competitive devaluations of currencies, and promoting international economic growth

Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement also created two important organizations:

1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2. World Bank.

policies designed to create economic stability

Washington Consensus

controlling inflation

Washington Consensus

reducing government budget deficits.

Washington Consensus

Many developing countries, especially in Latin America, had suffered hyperinflation during the 1980s.

Washington consensus

Many developing countries, especially in ____, had suffered ____ during the ____(date)

Latin America hyperinflation 1980

a set of free market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions

Washington consensus

financial institutions:

1. International Monetary Fund 2. World Bank 3. U.S. Treasury.

____coined the term Washington Consensus in ___(date)

John Williamson 1989.

a monetarist approach was recommended

Washington consensus

government spending would be reduced and interest rates would be raised

monetarist approach

to reduce the money supply.

monetarist approach

That involved the lifting of state restrictions on imports and exports and often included the devaluation of the currency.

2nd stage

to allow market forces to operate freely

Washington Consensus

removing subsidies and state controls and engaging in a program of privatization.

Washington Consensus

aid in the improvement of economic interdependence and prosperity of different countries.

1. Bretton woods system 2. Washington consensus

believes that economic crisis occurs not because of the lack of funds, but instead if it is not used for spending to improve the economy.

Bretton woods system

believes that the economic crisis will be avoided through less spending of government funds since it reduces the government debts.

Washington consensus

Financial institutions established by two or more countries subjected to international law

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

___managed by international organizations, governments, institutions who act as shareholders to managed financial system.

International Financial Institutions (IFIS)

____are critical development partners to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

International Financial Institutions (IFIs), including multilateral, regional and national development banks with international operations

International Financial Institutions (IFIs), including multilateral, regional and national development banks with international operations, are critical development partners to achieve the____

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

promotes financial stability and monetary cooperation in the world.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

___looks after international trade, promotes employment and sustainable economic growth.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

helps reduce global poverty

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

___was established in July 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire. United States.

IMF

Great Economic Depression date

1930

to ensure stability of the international monetarv system of exchange rates and international pavments that enable the countries and their citizens to transact among themselves

IMF

was established at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference along with the IMF.

World Bank

The World Bank is headquartered in ___

Washington D.C.

It is an international financial institution responsible for providing loans to the countries for their developmental programs

World bank

___is like a cooperative, made up of ___member countries. These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by a Board of Governors, who are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank.

World bank 189

are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank.

Board of governors

The World Bank is like a cooperative, made up of 189 member countries. These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by ___

board of governors

____is a multilateral development finance insutution founded in ___ by ___ member governments.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) 1966 31 members

It was established to promote the social and economic progress of the Asian and Pacitic region.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Over the past 31 years, the Bank's membership has increased to 57, of which, 41 are from within the region and To from ourside the region.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

it is responsible to cater to the needs of the smaller or under-developed countries.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

It prioritizes the regional, subregional, and national projects and programs

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

is a preferential tariff arrangement that aims at promoting intra-regional trade through the exchange of mutually agreed concessions by member countries.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) aka

Bangkok Agreement

___members are Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, and Sri Lanka.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

___has concluded bilateral negotiations on tariff concessions and is to become the seventh member.

Mongolia

recognizes the special needs of the LDCs (Least Developed Countries) and calls for concrete preferential measures in their favour

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Participating States may grant special concessions to LDC members and commit to giving special consideration for requests from the participating LDCs for technical assistance.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Rules of origin conditions are also more flexible for the

LDC

The value addition requirement is 35% compared to 45% for non-LDCs; regional cumulation is allowed with a value addition requirement of 50% compared to 60% for non-LDCs.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

___engages the foremost political, business, cultural, and other leaders of society to shape the global, regional, and industry agendas.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

It was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit foundation as an independent, impartial, and not tied to any special interests.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

World Economic Forum (WEF) established date

1971

The WEF is headquartered in

Geneva, Switzerland.

strives in all its efforts to demonstrate entrepreneurship in the global public interest while upholding the highest standards of governance.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between the nations.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

are the heart of the World Trade Organization

WTO agreements

They are negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments.

WTO agreements

The goal is to ensure that the trade takes place smoothly, predictably, and as freely as possible.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

___is a regional economic forum set up in ___(date) to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific region.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 1989

It consists of 21 members.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

aims to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative, and secure growth by accelerating regional economic integration.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

____is used to describe APEC members because the APEC cooperative process is predominantly concerned with the trade and economic issues with members engaging with one another as economic entities.

Economies

are leading emerging economies and political powers at the regional and international level

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)

The acronym was coined in ___ to highlight the exceptional role of important emerging economies and then the acronym included Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) only.

2001

It was pointed out that high growth rates, economic potential and demographic development were going to put further in a lead position and it was argued that their increased relevance should also be reflected in their incorporation to the G7.

• Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)

The four countries themselves started to meet as a group in ____ and it was only in __ that ___was invited to join the group, which was then referred to as BRICS.

2006 2010 South Africa

A large company that operates in many different countries

Global Corporations

Global Corporations aka

Global Company

means all around the world

global

is coined fiom the base teím 'global', which means all around the woild

global company

Examples of Global Corporations

1. Coca-Cola company 2. global companies, such as the Hilton and Hyatt Hotels, Adobe, Cisco, 3M, Monsanto, and Amefican Expíess 3. Facebook and Google (Inteínet Giants)

Internet giants

Facebook and google

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

MATH finals Module 8 Quantifiers and Negations

ユーザ名非公開 · 7問 · 1年前

MATH finals Module 8 Quantifiers and Negations

7問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

STS prelim module 1 (ancient) part 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 1年前

STS prelim module 1 (ancient) part 1

100問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

STS prelim module 1 (ancient) part 2

ユーザ名非公開 · 26問 · 1年前

STS prelim module 1 (ancient) part 2

26問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

STS prelim module 1 (medieval)

ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

STS prelim module 1 (medieval)

6問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

STS prelim module 1 (modern)

ユーザ名非公開 · 20問 · 1年前

STS prelim module 1 (modern)

STS prelim phil

STS prelim phil

Contemp Module 1 Prelim

ユーザ名非公開 · 38問 · 1年前

Contemp Module 1 Prelim

Lesson 1 Part 1

Lesson 1 Part 1

Lesson 1 Part 2

Lesson 1 Part 2

lesson2

lesson2

environmental factors

ユーザ名非公開 · 5問 · 1年前

environmental factors

5問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

organizational factor

ユーザ名非公開 · 5問 · 1年前

organizational factor

M1 Lesson 1

M1 Lesson 1

M1 Lesson 2 Functions of Art

ユーザ名非公開 · 31問 · 1年前

M1 Lesson 2 Functions of Art

Yunit 2

Yunit 2

retorika intro

retorika intro

Module 1

Module 1

Ancient World

Ancient World

medieval/middle age

medieval/middle age

問題一覧

the mobility of people, capital, technology, goods and services internationally.

economic globalization

refers to how interdependent different countries and regions have become across the world.

economic globalization

Countries have rapidly been cutting down trade barriers and opening up their current accounts and capital accounts

economic globalization

Countries have rapidly been cutting down trade barriers and opening up their current accounts and capital accounts. (group)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization

economic globalization groups:

1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 2. World Trade Organization 3. European Union 4. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

are among the most autarkic self-sufficient and isolated nations on the planet

Cuba and North Korea

involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers

Economic integration

involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and aligning monetary and fiscal policies, leading to a more inter- connected global economy.

Economic integration

are legal measures put into place primarily to protect a nation’s home economy

trade barriers

They typically reduce the quantity of goods and services that can be imported.

trade barriers

refers to the interconnectedness of businesses and trading among countries

economic integration

An economy is defined as a set of inter- related activities that determine how limited resources are allocated.

economic integration

Agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and aligning monetary and fiscal policies

economic integration

Factors that affect Economic Globalization:

1. advancement of science & technologies, 2. flow of goods & capital, 3. economic reforms/policies, market

An agreement under which gold was the basis for the U.S. dollar and other currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar's value.

Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement was negotiated in (date) _____ by delegates from ___ countries

July 1944 44 countries

____was negotiated in July 1944 by delegates from 44 countries at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

The Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement was negotiated in July 1944 by delegates from 44 countries at the ___(place)

United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

___was the basis for the U.S. dollar

gold

other currencies were pegged to the ____

U.S. dollar's value

Approximately ____ delegates representing 44 countries met in Bretton Woods in July 1944

730

goals of creating an efficient foreign exchange system, preventing competitive devaluations of currencies, and promoting international economic growth

Bretton Woods Agreement

The Bretton Woods Agreement also created two important organizations:

1. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2. World Bank.

policies designed to create economic stability

Washington Consensus

controlling inflation

Washington Consensus

reducing government budget deficits.

Washington Consensus

Many developing countries, especially in Latin America, had suffered hyperinflation during the 1980s.

Washington consensus

Many developing countries, especially in ____, had suffered ____ during the ____(date)

Latin America hyperinflation 1980

a set of free market economic policies supported by prominent financial institutions

Washington consensus

financial institutions:

1. International Monetary Fund 2. World Bank 3. U.S. Treasury.

____coined the term Washington Consensus in ___(date)

John Williamson 1989.

a monetarist approach was recommended

Washington consensus

government spending would be reduced and interest rates would be raised

monetarist approach

to reduce the money supply.

monetarist approach

That involved the lifting of state restrictions on imports and exports and often included the devaluation of the currency.

2nd stage

to allow market forces to operate freely

Washington Consensus

removing subsidies and state controls and engaging in a program of privatization.

Washington Consensus

aid in the improvement of economic interdependence and prosperity of different countries.

1. Bretton woods system 2. Washington consensus

believes that economic crisis occurs not because of the lack of funds, but instead if it is not used for spending to improve the economy.

Bretton woods system

believes that the economic crisis will be avoided through less spending of government funds since it reduces the government debts.

Washington consensus

Financial institutions established by two or more countries subjected to international law

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

___managed by international organizations, governments, institutions who act as shareholders to managed financial system.

International Financial Institutions (IFIS)

____are critical development partners to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

International Financial Institutions (IFIs), including multilateral, regional and national development banks with international operations

International Financial Institutions (IFIs), including multilateral, regional and national development banks with international operations, are critical development partners to achieve the____

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

promotes financial stability and monetary cooperation in the world.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

___looks after international trade, promotes employment and sustainable economic growth.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

helps reduce global poverty

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

___was established in July 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire. United States.

IMF

Great Economic Depression date

1930

to ensure stability of the international monetarv system of exchange rates and international pavments that enable the countries and their citizens to transact among themselves

IMF

was established at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference along with the IMF.

World Bank

The World Bank is headquartered in ___

Washington D.C.

It is an international financial institution responsible for providing loans to the countries for their developmental programs

World bank

___is like a cooperative, made up of ___member countries. These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by a Board of Governors, who are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank.

World bank 189

are the ultimate policymakers at the World Bank.

Board of governors

The World Bank is like a cooperative, made up of 189 member countries. These member countries, or shareholders, are represented by ___

board of governors

____is a multilateral development finance insutution founded in ___ by ___ member governments.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) 1966 31 members

It was established to promote the social and economic progress of the Asian and Pacitic region.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Over the past 31 years, the Bank's membership has increased to 57, of which, 41 are from within the region and To from ourside the region.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

it is responsible to cater to the needs of the smaller or under-developed countries.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

It prioritizes the regional, subregional, and national projects and programs

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

is a preferential tariff arrangement that aims at promoting intra-regional trade through the exchange of mutually agreed concessions by member countries.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) aka

Bangkok Agreement

___members are Bangladesh, China, India, Republic of Korea, Lao PDR, and Sri Lanka.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

___has concluded bilateral negotiations on tariff concessions and is to become the seventh member.

Mongolia

recognizes the special needs of the LDCs (Least Developed Countries) and calls for concrete preferential measures in their favour

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Participating States may grant special concessions to LDC members and commit to giving special consideration for requests from the participating LDCs for technical assistance.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

Rules of origin conditions are also more flexible for the

LDC

The value addition requirement is 35% compared to 45% for non-LDCs; regional cumulation is allowed with a value addition requirement of 50% compared to 60% for non-LDCs.

Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA)

___engages the foremost political, business, cultural, and other leaders of society to shape the global, regional, and industry agendas.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

It was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit foundation as an independent, impartial, and not tied to any special interests.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

World Economic Forum (WEF) established date

1971

The WEF is headquartered in

Geneva, Switzerland.

strives in all its efforts to demonstrate entrepreneurship in the global public interest while upholding the highest standards of governance.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between the nations.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

are the heart of the World Trade Organization

WTO agreements

They are negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments.

WTO agreements

The goal is to ensure that the trade takes place smoothly, predictably, and as freely as possible.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

___is a regional economic forum set up in ___(date) to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific region.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 1989

It consists of 21 members.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

aims to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative, and secure growth by accelerating regional economic integration.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

____is used to describe APEC members because the APEC cooperative process is predominantly concerned with the trade and economic issues with members engaging with one another as economic entities.

Economies

are leading emerging economies and political powers at the regional and international level

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)

The acronym was coined in ___ to highlight the exceptional role of important emerging economies and then the acronym included Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) only.

2001

• Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)

The four countries themselves started to meet as a group in ____ and it was only in __ that ___was invited to join the group, which was then referred to as BRICS.

2006 2010 South Africa

A large company that operates in many different countries

Global Corporations

Global Corporations aka

Global Company

means all around the world

global

is coined fiom the base teím 'global', which means all around the woild

global company

Examples of Global Corporations

1. Coca-Cola company 2. global companies, such as the Hilton and Hyatt Hotels, Adobe, Cisco, 3M, Monsanto, and Amefican Expíess 3. Facebook and Google (Inteínet Giants)

Internet giants

Facebook and google

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement