21st

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Consists of written works of various genres (poetry, drama, fiction/prose, nonfiction, media) printed and published from the start of the new millennium up to the present

21st Century Literature

Pen is mightier than sword

Jose Rizal’s Revolutionary Ideals through his novel Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer in English)

Rizal’s 1889 novel Noli Me Tangere was the impetus that turned Philippine society upside down

Jose Rizal's revolutionary ideals through his novel Noli Me Tangere (The social cancer in English)

When Rizal’s peaceful La Liga Filipina group failed in achieving the political and religious reforms being asked from the Spaniards, younger upstart heroes like Bonifacio and Jacinto who have read his novel were roused into action to establish the revolutionary sect Katipunan

Jose Rizal's revolutionary ideals through his novel Noli me tangere (the social cancer in English)

after five years of trial and exile, the entire nation witnessed the execution of Jose Rizal in Luneta by the firing squad.

December 30, 1896

the Spanish authorities had discovered the whereabout of the katipunan To show their open rebellion, the Katipuneros tore the cedulas and took to their bolos in the Cry of Balintawak

August 19, 1896

open warfare for the Katipuneros against the Spaniards

June 12, 1898

by virtue of Proclamation Order 1081, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the entire country under Martial Law rule

September 21, 1972

Era is considered as a very divisive one

martial law

a Period of discipline and order

puritans and loyalists

an Era of gross human right abuses, the end of individual rights, and the loss of freedom of expression in Philippine society

Activists and Liberals

Any written literary genre that exemplifies the most outstanding characteristics of particular national literature

World Literature

Harder to defined and only few regional or national writers can be classified as belonging to world literature

World Literature

A poet and playwright

William Shakespeare (England)

The Father of the Modern English Language

William Shakespeare (England)

Credited for pioneering the Couplet and the Shakespearean sonnet style

William Shakespeare (England)

His 37 plays tackling any topic under the sun (the most popular being Romeo and Juliet), Shakespeare invented of of these modern dramas that entertain TV and movie audiences nowadays

Shakespeare and Modern Dramas

An aristocrat, pilot, poet, and writer whose novella The Little Prince is now a much loved classic extolling the virtues of love, inner beauty and friendship

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (French World Literature)

The novella is the source of the famous quote: “One who sees clearly only with the heart. What is essential is invisible to the eyes.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (French World Literature)

Imprisoned for decades during the apartheid (racial segregation by classes)

Nelson Mandela (African World Literature)

After his release, he became the President of the South Africa from 1994 to 1999

Nelson Mandela (African World Literature)

All of his struggles can be read in his autobiography/memoir – Long Walk to Freedom

Nelson Mandela (African World Literature)

1913: The first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature for his book anthology of more than a hundred Bengali verses, the “Gitanjali” or Song Offerings

Rabindranath Tagore (Asian World Literature) India

Gitanjali is incomparable for the beauty of imagery as a form of devotion to God and in appreciation for the wonders of nature

Rabindranath Tagore (Asian World Literature) India

A diplomat, poet, and writer

Octavio Paz (Mexican World Literature)

Won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1980) and Nobel Prize (1990) for literary excellence

Octavio Paz

this poem is cited by critics for its unique surrealist style (Octavio paz)

Piedra del Sol (Sunstone)

this anthology is noteworthy for its profound and deep analysis of Mexican society (octavio paz)

The Labyrinth of Solitude

A popular short story writer and novelist who as a war journalist wrote firsthand accounts on both WW1 and WW2

Ernest Hemingway (American World Literature)

“Farewell to Arms” recounts the WW1

Ernest Hemingway (American World Literature)

For Whom the Bell Tolls” depicts WW2

Ernest Hemingway (American World Literature)

“The Old Man and the Sea” won for him both the Pulitzer (1953) and the Nobel (1954) awards for literary excellence

Ernest Hemingway (American World Literature)

According to experts, he is one of the greatest in the short story genre

Anton Chekhov (Russian World Literature) A Russian physician, playwright, and writer

Two of his last works were “The Cherry Orchard” that tackles social change and “A Marriage Proposal” which explores courtship and marriage both with a touch of humor and comedy that amuses audiences

Anton Chekhov (Russian World Literature) A Russian physician, playwright, and writer

Also known as Local Color

Regional Literature

Pertains to any written literary genre that emphasizes characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features indigenous or native to a specific region

Regional Literature

“Father of Ilocano Poetry and Literature.

Pedro Bucaneg (Ilocano Literature)

Blind poet like Homer

Pedro Bucaneg (Ilocano Literature)

Produced an epic for his obra maestra “Biag ni Lam-ang”

Pedro Bucaneg (Ilocano Literature)

His poem collection is written in the local Kapampangan dialect “Salitang Paca-Versu” that earned him accolades here and abroad such as the 1959 Poet Laureate of the Philippines, 1956 “Who’s Who in America”, the “International Who’s Who in Poetry”, and a Nobel Prize Nomination

Amado M. Yuzon (Pampanga Literature)

Bulakeño poet who earned his duplo verses and corrido lyrical metrical romance “Florante at Laura”

Francisco Baltazar (Tagalog Literature)

“The Father of Tagalog Literature”

Francisco Baltazar (Tagalog Literature)

“Shakespeare of the Philippines”

Francisco Baltazar (Tagalog Literature)

Governor of Camarines during the American era