biomolecules

87問 • 1年前

Zna Reah

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問題一覧

are organic molecules produced by living organisms that consist mainly of C, H, O, and N.

biomolecules

biomolecules type of bonding

covalent bond

large molecules

macromolecules

small molecules

micromolecules

Biomolecules are categorized into four different classes.

carbohydrates , nucleic acids , proteins , lipids

carbohydrates monomer

monosaccharides

carbohydrates basic chemical formula

CHO

nucleic acids monomer

nucleotides

proteins monomer

amini acids

lipids monomer

fatty acid and glycerol

nucleic acids basic chemical formula

CHONP

proteins basic chemical formula

CHON + R-group

lipids basic chemical formula

CHO

This is the measure of how much energy a food provides.

calorie

This shows the number of nutrients an average person is required from eating one serving of food.

percent daily value

The most abundant class of biomolecules.

carbohydrates

The word carbohydrate comes from the French term, which means

hydrate de carbone, hydrates of carbon

carbohydrates is also called

saccharide

saccharide from the greek ___, meaning

sakcharon, sugar

one sugar molecule

monosaccharides

two sugar molecules

disaccharides

two to ten sugar molecules

oligosaccharides

ten or more sugar molecules

polysaccharides

monosaccharides examples

glucose, fructose , galactose

disaccharides examples

sucrose, lactose , maltose

oligosaccharides examples

raffinose, stachyose

polysaccharides example

starch, glycogen, cellulose , chitin

The simplest carbs.

monosaccharides

These are the only sugars that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

monosaccharides

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common examples of simple sugars and bearing the same molecular.

monosaccharides

formula: C6H12O6

monosaccharides

These contain two monosaccharide units bonded together by a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage.

disaccharides

is the most abundant and most common disaccharide.

sucrose

Molecular Formula: C12H22O11

disaccharides

These are carbohydrates that contain ten monosaccharide units or more.

polysaccharides

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are common polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

is for animals

glycogen

is for plants

starch

A measure of the increase in the level of blood glucose (a type of sugar) caused by eating a specific carbohydrate (food that contains sugar) compared with eating a standard amount of glucose. Foods with a high glycemic index release glucose quickly and cause a rapid rise in blood glucose.

glycemic index

They are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through the peptide bonds.

proteins

Protein plays a wide variety of functional roles:

catalysts , antibodies , enzymes , contractile proteins (actin & myosin), hormonal proteins (insulin & melatonin), structural proteins (keratin & collagen), transport proteins (hemoglobin)

ready source of energy

carbohydrates

transport, speed up reactions, immunity, cell communication

protein

back up energy source, in membrane

lipid

store and transmit genetic info

nucleic acid

iodine test(black), Benedict's solution(orange)

carbohydrates

biuret solution (violet)

protein

leaves oily spot on brown paper bag

lipid

DNA stains (methylene blue)

nucleic acids

small biomolecules

sugars, amino acids, nucleotides , fatty acids

macromolecules

lipids , proteins , carbohydrates , nucleic acids

These are the building blocks of protein

amino acids

is composed of central carbon (C) bonded to hydrogen (H), a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.

amino acids

there are __ different amino acids that can provide possible sequences of proteins in our body

The building blocks of every organism and the most important biomolecules.

nucleic acids

They serve as the blueprint of life.

nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are responsible for _____, _____, and ____ genetic information.

encoding , transmitting , expressing

Nucleic acids were first isolated from the nuclei of white blood cells by ______ in the ___s.

Friedrich Miescher, 1860

The origin of name nucleic acid came from "____"

nuclein

the term used to describe a weakly acidic substance that he found in the cell

nuclein

They are considered hydrophobic, which means insoluble in water.

lipids

They are formed when fats and oils are heated with an aqueous solution of bases (_______)

lipids, saponification

are the building blocks of lipids

glycerol , fatty acids

are primarily involved in the.formation of the cell membranes, which is ____.

lipids, bilipid layer

4 major categories of lipids

fatty acids, triglycerides , sterols, phospholipids

a major energy source

fatty acids

the most abundant lipid in our diet and storage form of fat in our bodies

triglycerides

cholesterol is the primary dietary ___

sterol

the primary lipid in cell membranes

phospholipids

is a type of lipid used for long term energy storage in the body.

triglyceride

it is made of a glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid chains attached to it

triglyceride

a triglyceride can be

saturated , unsaturated

the structure has the maximum number of hydrogens

saturated

there is at least 1 double bond and fewer hydrogens

unsaturated

three fatty acids are bound to glycerol by

dehydration synthesis

types of fatty acids

saturated , trans, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

fats & oils

triglycerols

These are triesters of fatty acids with glycerol (1,2,3 - trihydroxypropane). Composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, these lipids are found in both plants and animals. Solid triglycerides are classified as fats while liquid triglycerides are classified as oils. Just for you to visualize, butter, which is animal fat, is in a solid state while vegetable oil is in liquid state.

triglycerols

no fatty acids

steroids

is a steroid and is one of the most plentiful lipids in our bodies. It is produced by the liver to meet our body's needs.

cholesterol

It acts as hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen.

steroids

Some athletes and body builders use ___ to build their muscles.

steroids

These lipids are primarily involved in the formation of a cell membrane, which is a bilipid layer.

phospholipids

are a class of lipids whose molecule has a HYDROPHILIC "head" containing a phosphate group and two HYDROPHOBIC "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule).

phospholipids

Lipids in the diet transport the four fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and assist in their absorption in the small intestine.

vitamins

They also carry with them substances that impart sensory appeal and palatability to food and provide satiety value, the feeling of being full and satisfied after eating a meal.

vitamins

types of lipids

triglycerols , steroids , phospholipids , vitamins

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問題一覧

are organic molecules produced by living organisms that consist mainly of C, H, O, and N.

biomolecules

biomolecules type of bonding

covalent bond

large molecules

macromolecules

small molecules

micromolecules

Biomolecules are categorized into four different classes.

carbohydrates , nucleic acids , proteins , lipids

carbohydrates monomer

monosaccharides

carbohydrates basic chemical formula

CHO

nucleic acids monomer

nucleotides

proteins monomer

amini acids

lipids monomer

fatty acid and glycerol

nucleic acids basic chemical formula

CHONP

proteins basic chemical formula

CHON + R-group

lipids basic chemical formula

CHO

This is the measure of how much energy a food provides.

calorie

This shows the number of nutrients an average person is required from eating one serving of food.

percent daily value

The most abundant class of biomolecules.

carbohydrates

The word carbohydrate comes from the French term, which means

hydrate de carbone, hydrates of carbon

carbohydrates is also called

saccharide

saccharide from the greek ___, meaning

sakcharon, sugar

one sugar molecule

monosaccharides

two sugar molecules

disaccharides

two to ten sugar molecules

oligosaccharides

ten or more sugar molecules

polysaccharides

monosaccharides examples

glucose, fructose , galactose

disaccharides examples

sucrose, lactose , maltose

oligosaccharides examples

raffinose, stachyose

polysaccharides example

starch, glycogen, cellulose , chitin

The simplest carbs.

monosaccharides

These are the only sugars that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

monosaccharides

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common examples of simple sugars and bearing the same molecular.

monosaccharides

formula: C6H12O6

monosaccharides

These contain two monosaccharide units bonded together by a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage.

disaccharides

is the most abundant and most common disaccharide.

sucrose

Molecular Formula: C12H22O11

disaccharides

These are carbohydrates that contain ten monosaccharide units or more.

polysaccharides

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are common polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

is for animals

glycogen

is for plants

starch

glycemic index

They are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through the peptide bonds.

proteins

Protein plays a wide variety of functional roles:

catalysts , antibodies , enzymes , contractile proteins (actin & myosin), hormonal proteins (insulin & melatonin), structural proteins (keratin & collagen), transport proteins (hemoglobin)

ready source of energy

carbohydrates

transport, speed up reactions, immunity, cell communication

protein

back up energy source, in membrane

lipid

store and transmit genetic info

nucleic acid

iodine test(black), Benedict's solution(orange)

carbohydrates

biuret solution (violet)

protein

leaves oily spot on brown paper bag

lipid

DNA stains (methylene blue)

nucleic acids

small biomolecules

sugars, amino acids, nucleotides , fatty acids

macromolecules

lipids , proteins , carbohydrates , nucleic acids

These are the building blocks of protein

amino acids

is composed of central carbon (C) bonded to hydrogen (H), a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.

amino acids

there are __ different amino acids that can provide possible sequences of proteins in our body

The building blocks of every organism and the most important biomolecules.

nucleic acids

They serve as the blueprint of life.

nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are responsible for _____, _____, and ____ genetic information.

encoding , transmitting , expressing

Nucleic acids were first isolated from the nuclei of white blood cells by ______ in the ___s.

Friedrich Miescher, 1860

The origin of name nucleic acid came from "____"

nuclein

the term used to describe a weakly acidic substance that he found in the cell

nuclein

They are considered hydrophobic, which means insoluble in water.

lipids

They are formed when fats and oils are heated with an aqueous solution of bases (_______)

lipids, saponification

are the building blocks of lipids

glycerol , fatty acids

are primarily involved in the.formation of the cell membranes, which is ____.

lipids, bilipid layer

4 major categories of lipids

fatty acids, triglycerides , sterols, phospholipids

a major energy source

fatty acids

the most abundant lipid in our diet and storage form of fat in our bodies

triglycerides

cholesterol is the primary dietary ___

sterol

the primary lipid in cell membranes

phospholipids

is a type of lipid used for long term energy storage in the body.

triglyceride

it is made of a glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid chains attached to it

triglyceride

a triglyceride can be

saturated , unsaturated

the structure has the maximum number of hydrogens

saturated

there is at least 1 double bond and fewer hydrogens

unsaturated

three fatty acids are bound to glycerol by

dehydration synthesis

types of fatty acids

saturated , trans, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

fats & oils

triglycerols

no fatty acids

steroids

is a steroid and is one of the most plentiful lipids in our bodies. It is produced by the liver to meet our body's needs.

cholesterol

It acts as hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen.

steroids

Some athletes and body builders use ___ to build their muscles.

steroids

These lipids are primarily involved in the formation of a cell membrane, which is a bilipid layer.

phospholipids

Lipids in the diet transport the four fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and assist in their absorption in the small intestine.

vitamins

They also carry with them substances that impart sensory appeal and palatability to food and provide satiety value, the feeling of being full and satisfied after eating a meal.

vitamins

types of lipids

triglycerols , steroids , phospholipids , vitamins