are organic molecules produced by living organisms that consist mainly of C, H, O, and N.

biomolecules type of bonding

large molecules

small molecules

Biomolecules are categorized into four different classes.

carbohydrates monomer

carbohydrates basic chemical formula

nucleic acids monomer

proteins monomer

lipids monomer

nucleic acids basic chemical formula

proteins basic chemical formula

lipids basic chemical formula

This is the measure of how much energy a food provides.

This shows the number of nutrients an average person is required from eating one serving of food.

The most abundant class of biomolecules.

The word carbohydrate comes from the French term, which means

carbohydrates is also called

saccharide from the greek ___, meaning

one sugar molecule

two sugar molecules

two to ten sugar molecules

ten or more sugar molecules

monosaccharides examples

disaccharides examples

oligosaccharides examples

polysaccharides example

The simplest carbs.

These are the only sugars that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are common examples of simple sugars and bearing the same molecular.

formula: C6H12O6

These contain two monosaccharide units bonded together by a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage.

is the most abundant and most common disaccharide.

Molecular Formula: C12H22O11

These are carbohydrates that contain ten monosaccharide units or more.

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are common polysaccharides.

is for animals

is for plants

A measure of the increase in the level of blood glucose (a type of sugar) caused by eating a specific carbohydrate (food that contains sugar) compared with eating a standard amount of glucose. Foods with a high glycemic index release glucose quickly and cause a rapid rise in blood glucose.

They are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through the peptide bonds.

Protein plays a wide variety of functional roles:

ready source of energy

transport, speed up reactions, immunity, cell communication

back up energy source, in membrane

store and transmit genetic info

iodine test(black), Benedict's solution(orange)

biuret solution (violet)

leaves oily spot on brown paper bag

DNA stains (methylene blue)

small biomolecules

macromolecules

These are the building blocks of protein

is composed of central carbon (C) bonded to hydrogen (H), a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.

there are __ different amino acids that can provide possible sequences of proteins in our body

The building blocks of every organism and the most important biomolecules.

They serve as the blueprint of life.

Nucleic acids are responsible for _____, _____, and ____ genetic information.

Nucleic acids were first isolated from the nuclei of white blood cells by ______ in the ___s.

The origin of name nucleic acid came from "____"

the term used to describe a weakly acidic substance that he found in the cell

They are considered hydrophobic, which means insoluble in water.

They are formed when fats and oils are heated with an aqueous solution of bases (_______)

are the building blocks of lipids

are primarily involved in the.formation of the cell membranes, which is ____.

4 major categories of lipids

a major energy source

the most abundant lipid in our diet and storage form of fat in our bodies

cholesterol is the primary dietary ___

the primary lipid in cell membranes

is a type of lipid used for long term energy storage in the body.

it is made of a glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid chains attached to it

a triglyceride can be

the structure has the maximum number of hydrogens

there is at least 1 double bond and fewer hydrogens

three fatty acids are bound to glycerol by

types of fatty acids

fats & oils

These are triesters of fatty acids with glycerol (1,2,3 - trihydroxypropane). Composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, these lipids are found in both plants and animals. Solid triglycerides are classified as fats while liquid triglycerides are classified as oils. Just for you to visualize, butter, which is animal fat, is in a solid state while vegetable oil is in liquid state.

no fatty acids

is a steroid and is one of the most plentiful lipids in our bodies. It is produced by the liver to meet our body's needs.

It acts as hormones like testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen.

Some athletes and body builders use ___ to build their muscles.

These lipids are primarily involved in the formation of a cell membrane, which is a bilipid layer.

are a class of lipids whose molecule has a HYDROPHILIC "head" containing a phosphate group and two HYDROPHOBIC "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule).

Lipids in the diet transport the four fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and assist in their absorption in the small intestine.

They also carry with them substances that impart sensory appeal and palatability to food and provide satiety value, the feeling of being full and satisfied after eating a meal.

types of lipids