It is a form of an EM wave that is propagated perpendicular to the source of energy.

can travel in a straight path.

is when light bounces off an object.

when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.”

law of reflection

is a type of surface reflectance often described as a mirror-like reflection of light from the surface.

the incident light is reflected into a single outgoing direction.

is the reflection of light from a surface such that an incident ray is reflected at many angles, rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection.

When light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to change direction slightly.

the change of direction

when light enters a more dense substance (_______), it 'bends' more towards the normal line

the amount of bending depends on two things:

if a substance causes the light to speed up or slow down more, it will refract (bend) more.

if the light is entering the substance at a greater angle, the amount of refraction will also be more noticeable.

On the other hand, if the light is entering the new substance from straight on (at 90° to the surface), the light will still slow down, but it won’t change direction at all.

are optical devices that permit the reflection of light.

demonstrates the law of reflection as it forms the image of the object placed before it.

a mirror can be

a spherical mirror can be

makes an image of objects in front of the mirror; these images appear to be behind the plane in which than mirror lies.

A straight line drawn from part of an object to the corresponding part of its image makes a right angle with, and is bisected by, the surface of the ______

plane mirror

the rays of light actually meet after reflection.

it appears to meet but not actually meet.

It is virtual

It is erect and of the same size as the object

The distance of the object from the ____ is the same as the distance of the image from the ____.

One of the important characteristics of the image is that it is laterally inverted. It means if you raise your left hand it would appear in the ____ that you have raised your right hand.

a method of tracing the path that light takes in order for an individual to view a point on the image of an object.

is the process of making something looks bigger than it is to see object in detail.

This is the measure of the size of an image compared to the size of the object.

is the line joining the centers of curvatures of its surface.

of a curve is found at a point that is at a distance from the curve equal to the radius of curvature lying on the normal vector.

It is the point at infinity if the curvature is zero.

is a type of spherical mirror in which, the reflecting surface is the inner curved surface of the sphere, i.e. in this type of mirrors the reflecting surface seems to be away from the incident light source.

Because of their shape, the incident light is reflected inwards (converged), thus they are also called converging mirrors and they are used for focusing light.

there is a formation of different images in a

It mainly depends on the distance between the object and the mirror.

form both real and virtual images.

is placed very close to the object, a virtual and magnified image is obtained.

If we increase the distance between the object and the mirror, the size of the image reduces and real images are formed.

These real images can be projected on a screen.

The focal point and the center of curvature of the _______ lie in front of the mirror.

If the cut part of the hollow sphere is painted from inside, then its outer surface becomes the reflecting surface.

is also known as a diverging mirror as this mirror diverges light when they strike on its reflecting surface.

are always formed with convex mirrors

is a sensory organ that reacts to visible light and allows humans to use visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm.

parts of the human eye

These are the devices that process light waves to enhance an image for a more clear view.

The use of ______, such as a magnifying lens or any complicated device like a microscope or telescope, usually makes things bigger and helps us see in a more detailed manner.

is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

is the science of investigating small objects and structures using a microscope.

field glasses

are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.

are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal-mounted military models.

is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation.

Originally, an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects.

now refers to a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

2 types of telescope

dioptric telescope

is a type of optical telescope thatnuses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope).

design was originally used innspy-glasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long-focus camera lenses.

is a telescope that uses a single or a combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image.

was invented in the 17th century by Isaac Newton as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration.

is an optical instrument that uses a system of prisms, lenses or mirrors to reflect images through a tube.

It consists of a tube with mirrors at each set parallel to each other at a 45-degree angle, with the addition of two simple lenses, and it depends on the occurrence of regular light reflection on the plane mirrors.

is an instrument for observation

is an optional instrument that can capture inage either 2D or 3D images.

that allows light to pass through in order to capture an image on a light-sensitive surface (usually a digital sensor or photographic film).

focus the light entering the camera

mechanism determines the amount of time the photosensitive surface is exposed to the light.

can be narrowed or widened.