Respiratory system

60問 • 1年前

eiren

通報

問題一覧

What is the Bohr effect?

As cells metabolize glucose, CO2 is released into the blood

Bohr effect causes ___

Acidosis

Bohr effect causes respiratory acidosis because of

Increase in Pco2 and H+ concentration in blood

The lower the Pco2 and the lower the hemoglobin saturated with oxygen, the more carbon dioxide can be carried in the blood —

Haldane effect

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant temperature

Boyle's law

Volume of gas is directly proportional to it's absolute temperature

Charles’ law

Inspiration is a(n) ___ process

Active

During inspiration, thoracic volume ___

Increases

During inspiration the ___ does most of the work

Diaphragm

Inspiration is done via

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Forced (deep) inspirations occur during

Vigorous exercise

Forced inspiration uses more muscles to

Increase thoracic cage size

Forced inspiration creates a larger ___ so more air is drawn in

Pressure gradient

The additional muscles for forced inspiration include A) pectoralis minor B) pectoralis major C) sternocleidomastoid D) scalenes E) erector spinae muscles

A C D E

Quiet expiration is a(n) ___ process

Passive

Quiet expiration is a passive process achieved by the ___ of the lungs and thoracic cage

Elasticity

During quiet expiration thoracic cavity volume ___

Decreases

In quiet expiration the inspiratory muscles ___ and the ribcage descends due to ___

Relax, gravity

Forced expiration is a(n) ___ process

Active

Forced expiration is done by ___ the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

Contracting

Forced expiration is done by the

Abdominal and inner intercostal muscles

Lung compliance is

The ease with which lungs can be expanded

Lung compliance is a measure of how much ___ the lung has

Stretch

Henry's law states ‘ when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve the liquid in proportion to it's ___’

Partial pressure and solubility

Pulmonary gas exchange is influenced by the ____ of the respiratory membrane

Thickness and surface area

In external respiration, CO2 diffuses in ___ amounts with oxygen

Equal

The ___ of the respiratory membrane allows for ___ gas exchange

Thinness, efficient

Molecular O2 is carried in blood: A) dissolved in plasma B) loosely bound to each iron of hemoglobin in RBC'S

A and B

The primary method for O2 transport in the blood is

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin that has released O2 is called ___

Reduced hemoglobin

Each hemoglobin can carry ___ oxygen molecules

The loading and unloading of O2 is facilitated by a ___ of hemoglobin

Change of shape

Factors that can influence hemoglobin saturation include: A) Po2 B) temperature C) blood pH D) concentration of BPG

All of the debate

In hemoglobin saturation, increased temperature means ___ O2 is released

In hemoglobin saturation, the more acidic the blood the ___ O2 is released

Hypoxia is

Inadequate O2 delivery to body tissues

Bicarbonate is carried in ___

Plasma

Carbon dioxide is carried in plasma as a(n) ___

Gas

Carbon dioxide can be chemically bound to hemoglobin

True

When carbon dioxide is transported as an ion in plasma it is transported as ___

Bicarbonate

The main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood is:

As an ion in plasma

Carbon dioxide reaction is faster in ___ than ___

RBC’s, plasma

Hypercapnia is respiratory ___

Acidosis

Respiratory acidosis is a pH level

Below 7.35

Hypocapnia is respiratory ___

Alkalosis

Hypercapnia results in ___ to flush carbon dioxide from the blood

Hyperventilation

Hypocapnia results in ___

Hypoventilation

Hypocapnia can result in ___

Apnea

Apnea is ___

Breathing cessation

Venous reserve is

A huge O2 reservoir bound to hemoglobin

Respiratory aciclosis can occur due to lactic acid

True

Excess ___ in patients with diabetes can result in respiratory acidosis

Ketones

Reduced respiratory membrane for gas exchange due to alveolar wall breakdown is called

Emphysema

The alveolar wall is

Simple squamous epithelium

The alveolar walls permits gas exchange via

Simple diffusion

___ is found in the pleural cavity

Pleural fluid

Pleural fluid provides ___ for the lungs

Lubrication

Inspiration is gas flow __ the lungs

into

Atmospheric pressure is __

Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

Dalton's law

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問題一覧

What is the Bohr effect?

As cells metabolize glucose, CO2 is released into the blood

Bohr effect causes ___

Acidosis

Bohr effect causes respiratory acidosis because of

Increase in Pco2 and H+ concentration in blood

The lower the Pco2 and the lower the hemoglobin saturated with oxygen, the more carbon dioxide can be carried in the blood —

Haldane effect

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant temperature

Boyle's law

Volume of gas is directly proportional to it's absolute temperature

Charles’ law

Inspiration is a(n) ___ process

Active

During inspiration, thoracic volume ___

Increases

During inspiration the ___ does most of the work

Diaphragm

Inspiration is done via

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Forced (deep) inspirations occur during

Vigorous exercise

Forced inspiration uses more muscles to

Increase thoracic cage size

Forced inspiration creates a larger ___ so more air is drawn in

Pressure gradient

The additional muscles for forced inspiration include A) pectoralis minor B) pectoralis major C) sternocleidomastoid D) scalenes E) erector spinae muscles

A C D E

Quiet expiration is a(n) ___ process

Passive

Quiet expiration is a passive process achieved by the ___ of the lungs and thoracic cage

Elasticity

During quiet expiration thoracic cavity volume ___

Decreases

In quiet expiration the inspiratory muscles ___ and the ribcage descends due to ___

Relax, gravity

Forced expiration is a(n) ___ process

Active

Forced expiration is done by ___ the abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

Contracting

Forced expiration is done by the

Abdominal and inner intercostal muscles

Lung compliance is

The ease with which lungs can be expanded

Lung compliance is a measure of how much ___ the lung has

Stretch

Henry's law states ‘ when a mixture of gases is in contact with a liquid, each gas will dissolve the liquid in proportion to it's ___’

Partial pressure and solubility

Pulmonary gas exchange is influenced by the ____ of the respiratory membrane

Thickness and surface area

In external respiration, CO2 diffuses in ___ amounts with oxygen

Equal

The ___ of the respiratory membrane allows for ___ gas exchange

Thinness, efficient

Molecular O2 is carried in blood: A) dissolved in plasma B) loosely bound to each iron of hemoglobin in RBC'S

A and B

The primary method for O2 transport in the blood is

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin that has released O2 is called ___

Reduced hemoglobin

Each hemoglobin can carry ___ oxygen molecules

The loading and unloading of O2 is facilitated by a ___ of hemoglobin

Change of shape

Factors that can influence hemoglobin saturation include: A) Po2 B) temperature C) blood pH D) concentration of BPG

All of the debate

In hemoglobin saturation, increased temperature means ___ O2 is released

In hemoglobin saturation, the more acidic the blood the ___ O2 is released

Hypoxia is

Inadequate O2 delivery to body tissues

Bicarbonate is carried in ___

Plasma

Carbon dioxide is carried in plasma as a(n) ___

Gas

Carbon dioxide can be chemically bound to hemoglobin

True

When carbon dioxide is transported as an ion in plasma it is transported as ___

Bicarbonate

The main way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood is:

As an ion in plasma

Carbon dioxide reaction is faster in ___ than ___

RBC’s, plasma

Hypercapnia is respiratory ___

Acidosis

Respiratory acidosis is a pH level

Below 7.35

Hypocapnia is respiratory ___

Alkalosis

Hypercapnia results in ___ to flush carbon dioxide from the blood

Hyperventilation

Hypocapnia results in ___

Hypoventilation

Hypocapnia can result in ___

Apnea

Apnea is ___

Breathing cessation

Venous reserve is

A huge O2 reservoir bound to hemoglobin

Respiratory aciclosis can occur due to lactic acid

True

Excess ___ in patients with diabetes can result in respiratory acidosis

Ketones

Reduced respiratory membrane for gas exchange due to alveolar wall breakdown is called

Emphysema

The alveolar wall is

Simple squamous epithelium

The alveolar walls permits gas exchange via

Simple diffusion

___ is found in the pleural cavity

Pleural fluid

Pleural fluid provides ___ for the lungs

Lubrication

Inspiration is gas flow __ the lungs

into

Atmospheric pressure is __

Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

Dalton's law