Urinary System

79問 • 1年前

eiren

通報

問題一覧

The urinary system includes the;

Kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra

The kidneys function with the ___ to maintain the CO2 content and pH of blood

Lungs

The kidneys activate vitamin ___

Osmolality is

The chemical makeup of fluid

What role do the kidneys have in RBC production?

Produce erythropoietin

___ regulate blood flow into the kidneys

Sympathetic fibers

How do sympathetic fibers adjust blood flow in the kidneys?

Adjusting the diameter of the renal arterioles

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Nephrons

What part of the kidney forms urine?

Nephrons

Which portion of the nephron processes filtrate for urine formation?

Renal tubule

___ is a tuft of fenestrated capillaries that allows filtrate to filter from the blood

Glomerulus

The proximal convoluted tubule has microvilli, meaning it functions in ___

Absorption

The longest and most coiled part of the renal tubule is the ___

Proximal convoluted tubule

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs water and solutes from ___

Filtrate

The ___ of the nephron loop is very permeable to water

Descending limb

The ___ of the nephron loop is very permeable to salts

Ascending limb

Why is the nephron loop vital in the kidney's ability to form urine?

It is very permeable to water and salt for forming concentrated or diluted urine

The distal convoluted tubule functions mostly in ___

Secretion

The end of an individual nephron is the ___

Distal collecting duct

Collecting ducts receive filtrate from ___

Multiple nephrons

Filtrate is considered urine once it reaches the ___

Collecting duct

The cortical nephron functions in

Waste

The juxtamedullary nephron functions in

Water

Which nephron goes deep into the medulla?

Juxtamedullary

Which nephron type has a vasa recta?

Juxtamedullary

Which nephron type is involved in the production of concentrated urine?

Juxtamedullary

What nephron type do humans have the most of?

Cortical

The glomerulus functions in filtration only

True

Afferent arterioles have ___ diameters than efferent arterioles

Larger

Why is the difference in the arteriole’s diameter important in relation to the glomerulus?

It maintains a high blood pressure inside the glomerulus

Resistance in afferent arterioles protects the glomerulus from fluctuations in

Blood flow

What are the capillary beds parallel to the juxtamullary nephron's loop of Henle?

Vasa recta

Vasa recta function in the ____

Formation of concentrated urine

___ of filtrate is reabsorbed

99%

Filtrate does not contain proteins or blood cells

True

The kidneys are retroperitoneal

True

Polyuria is

Peeing a lot

Selectively returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood is

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption occurs in

Renal tubules and collecting ducts

Selectively moving substances from blood to filtrate is ___

Tubular secretion

Tubular secretion occurs in

Renal tubules and collecting ducts

Renal reabsorption and renal secretion both occur in the renal tubules and collecting ducts

True

Produces cell and protein free filtrate

Glomerular filtration

Glomerular filtration is driven by ___

Hydrostatic pressure

Plasma proteins maintain the ___ of the blood

Colloid osmotic pressure

Proteinuria is ___

The presence of proteins in urine

Hematuria is ___

Presence of blood in urine

Proteinuria and hematuria are indicators of

Damage to the filtration membrane in the kidneys

Proteinuria is also called albuminuria

True

The total amount of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys is called ___

Glomerular filtration rate

An increase in urine output and drop in blood pressure is an indication;

Glomerular filtration rate is too high

Everything is reabsorbed including unwanted wastes when the GFR is

Too low

Needed substances cannot be absorbed when the GFR is ___

Too high

Neural controls act outside the kidneys to control the GFR by

Maintaining blood pressure

Neural controls are

Extrinsic control

Extrinsic controls function over intrinsic controls in response to high or low blood pressure

True

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism senses changes in the juxtameedullary complex in response to filtrate

NaCl concentration

If blood pressure is low the sympathetic nervous system will release ___ to increase blood volume

Norepinephrine

What does angiotensin ll do?

Increases blood volume and pressure

Angiotensin ll is a ___

Vasoconstrictor

Angiotensin ll constricts the afferent and efferent arterioles to

Reduce the GFR

Water and ion reabsorption is ___ controlled

Hormonally

___ creates an osmotic and electrical gradient that drives reabsorption of water and other solutes

Na+

What is the transport maximum?

The number of carriers in renal tubules available

What happens when the transport maximum/ carriers is fully saturated?

Excess is secreted in urine

What are ‘carriers’ in regard to transport maximum?

Transport membrane proteins

Diabetes mellitus is glucose in the urine, known as ___

Glycosuria

The proximal convoluted tubules are the site of most

Reabsorption

Reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct is hormonally controlled depending on the body’s ___

State of hydration

Antidiuretic hormone

Inhibits urine output

Aldosterone increases

Na* absorption

Aldosterone increases Na+ absorption and therefore ___

Water absorption

The kidneys will ___ urine if overhydrated

Dilute

Any metabolic disorder exhibiting chronic polyuria is

Diabetes

Renal diabetes is a hereditary deficiency caused by

Glucose in the tubular fluid

Diabetes insipidis is polyuria caused by

ADH hyposecretion

Gestational diabetes is polyuria caused by

Hyperglycemia

____ gives urine its yellow color

Urochrome

Urine pH is slightly

Acidic

211 exam 2 ch18 part 1

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211 exam 3 ch 24

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211 lab quiz 4 urinalysis

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Urinary system

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General practice quiz

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General practice quiz

Quiz 5 histology

Quiz 5 histology

Hormones

Hormones

Diabetes

Diabetes

Reproductive system

Reproductive system

Endocrine system

Endocrine system

Blood

Blood

Lymphatic system

Lymphatic system

Cardiovascular system

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Respiratory system

Respiratory system

Digestive system

Digestive system

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Reproductive system

Terminology

Terminology

Ch 1

Ch 1

Mini practical

Mini practical

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

Chapter l

Chapter l

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism

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Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism

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Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism

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Mini practical 2

Mini practical 2

Skills 8

Skills 8

Chapter 6 Microbial Growth

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Chapter 6 Microbial Growth

Skills 7

Skills 7

Chapter 7 Control Of Microbial Growth

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Chapter 7 Control Of Microbial Growth

Skills 5

Skills 5

Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics

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Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics

Skills 4

Skills 4

Skills 6

Skills 6

Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 11

Chapter 13

Chapter 13

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問題一覧

The urinary system includes the;

Kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra

The kidneys function with the ___ to maintain the CO2 content and pH of blood

Lungs

The kidneys activate vitamin ___

Osmolality is

The chemical makeup of fluid

What role do the kidneys have in RBC production?

Produce erythropoietin

___ regulate blood flow into the kidneys

Sympathetic fibers

How do sympathetic fibers adjust blood flow in the kidneys?

Adjusting the diameter of the renal arterioles

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Nephrons

What part of the kidney forms urine?

Nephrons

Which portion of the nephron processes filtrate for urine formation?

Renal tubule

___ is a tuft of fenestrated capillaries that allows filtrate to filter from the blood

Glomerulus

The proximal convoluted tubule has microvilli, meaning it functions in ___

Absorption

The longest and most coiled part of the renal tubule is the ___

Proximal convoluted tubule

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs water and solutes from ___

Filtrate

The ___ of the nephron loop is very permeable to water

Descending limb

The ___ of the nephron loop is very permeable to salts

Ascending limb

Why is the nephron loop vital in the kidney's ability to form urine?

It is very permeable to water and salt for forming concentrated or diluted urine

The distal convoluted tubule functions mostly in ___

Secretion

The end of an individual nephron is the ___

Distal collecting duct

Collecting ducts receive filtrate from ___

Multiple nephrons

Filtrate is considered urine once it reaches the ___

Collecting duct

The cortical nephron functions in

Waste

The juxtamedullary nephron functions in

Water

Which nephron goes deep into the medulla?

Juxtamedullary

Which nephron type has a vasa recta?

Juxtamedullary

Which nephron type is involved in the production of concentrated urine?

Juxtamedullary

What nephron type do humans have the most of?

Cortical

The glomerulus functions in filtration only

True

Afferent arterioles have ___ diameters than efferent arterioles

Larger

Why is the difference in the arteriole’s diameter important in relation to the glomerulus?

It maintains a high blood pressure inside the glomerulus

Resistance in afferent arterioles protects the glomerulus from fluctuations in

Blood flow

What are the capillary beds parallel to the juxtamullary nephron's loop of Henle?

Vasa recta

Vasa recta function in the ____

Formation of concentrated urine

___ of filtrate is reabsorbed

99%

Filtrate does not contain proteins or blood cells

True

The kidneys are retroperitoneal

True

Polyuria is

Peeing a lot

Selectively returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood is

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption occurs in

Renal tubules and collecting ducts

Selectively moving substances from blood to filtrate is ___

Tubular secretion

Tubular secretion occurs in

Renal tubules and collecting ducts

Renal reabsorption and renal secretion both occur in the renal tubules and collecting ducts

True

Produces cell and protein free filtrate

Glomerular filtration

Glomerular filtration is driven by ___

Hydrostatic pressure

Plasma proteins maintain the ___ of the blood

Colloid osmotic pressure

Proteinuria is ___

The presence of proteins in urine

Hematuria is ___

Presence of blood in urine

Proteinuria and hematuria are indicators of

Damage to the filtration membrane in the kidneys

Proteinuria is also called albuminuria

True

The total amount of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys is called ___

Glomerular filtration rate

An increase in urine output and drop in blood pressure is an indication;

Glomerular filtration rate is too high

Everything is reabsorbed including unwanted wastes when the GFR is

Too low

Needed substances cannot be absorbed when the GFR is ___

Too high

Neural controls act outside the kidneys to control the GFR by

Maintaining blood pressure

Neural controls are

Extrinsic control

Extrinsic controls function over intrinsic controls in response to high or low blood pressure

True

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism senses changes in the juxtameedullary complex in response to filtrate

NaCl concentration

If blood pressure is low the sympathetic nervous system will release ___ to increase blood volume

Norepinephrine

What does angiotensin ll do?

Increases blood volume and pressure

Angiotensin ll is a ___

Vasoconstrictor

Angiotensin ll constricts the afferent and efferent arterioles to

Reduce the GFR

Water and ion reabsorption is ___ controlled

Hormonally

___ creates an osmotic and electrical gradient that drives reabsorption of water and other solutes

Na+

What is the transport maximum?

The number of carriers in renal tubules available

What happens when the transport maximum/ carriers is fully saturated?

Excess is secreted in urine

What are ‘carriers’ in regard to transport maximum?

Transport membrane proteins

Diabetes mellitus is glucose in the urine, known as ___

Glycosuria

The proximal convoluted tubules are the site of most

Reabsorption

Reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct is hormonally controlled depending on the body’s ___

State of hydration

Antidiuretic hormone

Inhibits urine output

Aldosterone increases

Na* absorption

Aldosterone increases Na+ absorption and therefore ___

Water absorption

The kidneys will ___ urine if overhydrated

Dilute

Any metabolic disorder exhibiting chronic polyuria is

Diabetes

Renal diabetes is a hereditary deficiency caused by

Glucose in the tubular fluid

Diabetes insipidis is polyuria caused by

ADH hyposecretion

Gestational diabetes is polyuria caused by

Hyperglycemia

____ gives urine its yellow color

Urochrome

Urine pH is slightly

Acidic