Digestive system

89問 • 1年前

eiren

通報

問題一覧

What is the alimentary canal?

A continuous muscular tube from mouth to anus

What is peristalsis?

Waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in organ walls

What is segmentation?

The intestines contracting and relaxing to more food back and forth

Propulsion includes both swallowing and peristalsis

True

What is chyme?

Bolus and gastric juices

What is bolus?

Food mixed with saliva

What causes heartburn?

Regurgitated gastric juices into the esophagus

What causes diarrhea?

When the large intestine does not have sufficient time to absorb remaining water

What causes constipation?

When stool remains in the colon for too long

The layers of the alimentary canal from lumen out are;

Mucosa → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa

The layer of the alimentary canal responsible for peristalsis and segmentation is the

Muscularis externa

The GI tract has it's own nervous system

True

What role does the mouth play in chemical digestion?

Amylase and lipase begin breaking down starches

Saliva contains enzymes to begin chemical digestion

True

Which cell types in salivary glands produce enzymes?

Serous cells

What is the role of extrinsic salivary glands?

Produce serous, enzyme rich saliva

The esophagus changes from voluntary skeletal muscle to involuntary smooth muscle

True

What keeps the gastroesophageal sphincter when not swallowing?

The diaphragm

Which layer of the stomach allows increased mechanical breakdown?

Inner oblique layer

What do the gastric glands in the stomach produce?

Gastric juice, mucus and gastric

Small and large particles pass through the pyloric sphincter to continue digestion

False; only liquid and small particles can pass through

The duodenum prevents overfilling by controlling how much ___ enters

Chyme

In the stomach the enzymatic breakdown of proteins with ___ begins

Pepsin

Where is gastric lipase activated?

The stomach

What is required for the absorption of vitamin B12

Intrinsic factor

Now does the stomach denature proteins and plant cell walls?

Hydrochloride acid

Where are lipid soluble alcohols and aspirin absorbed into the blood from?

Stomach

Temporary storage of food occurs in the stomach

True

Why does the mucosal barrier of the stomach prevent it from eating itself?

It is bicarbonate rich

What is bile?

A fat emulsifier

What is the digestive function of liver?

Produce bile

Where is bile stored?

The gallbladder

Which organ supplies most of the enzymes needed to digest chyme?

Pancreas

What organ produces bicarbonate?

Pancreas

What is the largest gland in the body?

Liver

Which organ functions in detoxification?

Liver

What is the metabolic function of the liver?

Process nutritious venous blood

Where are glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins stored?

Liver

Where are plasma proteins produced?

Liver

Where does the chief bile pigment bilirubin come from?

The breakdown of RBC’s (heme)

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile by absorbing ___

Water and ions

Gallstones are ___

Crystallized cholesterol

Bile leaves the liver via

Bile ducts

Entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is controlled by

The hepatopancreatic sphincter

The common hepatic duct fuses with the ___ to drain the gallbladder

Cystic duct

The right and left bile ducts fuse into the ___

Common hepatic duct

What causes gallstones?

Too much cholesterol and bilirubin

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions

True

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Secrete pancreatic juice

Where does the pancreas secrete pancreatic juice to?

The duodenum

What is the function of pancreatic juice?

Break down foodstuff via enzymes

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Release insulin and glucagon

How is insulin and glucagon released from the pancreas?

Via pancreatic islets

Pancreatic juice is primarily ___

Bicarbonate

Why are proteases secreted in inactive form?

To prevent self-digestion

What is the major organ of the digestive system?

Small intestine

Where does most absorption occur in the digestive system?

The small intestine

The small intestine runs from the ___ to the ___

Pyloric sphincter, ileocecal valve

The length, and therefore increased surface area of the small intestine is why it is so adept at ___

Absorption

What is the function of pliceae circulars?

Spirals chyme slowly through the lumen of the small intestine

Which organ contains place circularis?

Small intestine

What is in the villi of the small intestine?

Dense capillary beds and lacteals

What is the function of dense capillary beds and lacteals?

Absorption

What feature of the small intestine contains enzymes for carbohydrate and protein digestion

Microvilli

Intestinal juice is secreted in response to

Distension or irritation of the mucosa

What facilitates the transport and absorption of nutrients?

Intestinal juice

Chyme’s journey in the small intestine is done mostly through

Segmentation

Most water absorption takes place in the

Small intestine

Substances needed for digestion in the small intestine are supplied by the

Liver and pancreas

The large intestine runs from the ___

Ileocecal valve to the anus

The ___ absorbs metabolites (vitamines) by resident bacteria

Large intestine

The large intestine is able to reclaim electrolytes

true

Haustra are located in

The large intestine

What is attached to the cecum?

Appendix

___ are pocketlike sacs located in the large intestine

Haustra

The first portion of the large intestine is the

Cecum

What is the function of rectal valves?

Stop feces being passed with gas

The internal anal sphincter is composed of

Smooth muscle

The external anal sphincter is composed of

Skeletal muscle

What protects the intestinal wall from residential bacteria in the colon?

Mucus

Bacterial flora ___ indigestible carbohydrates for fuel for the body's cells

Ferment

What releases irritating acids and gases in the large intestine?

Bacterial flora

Bacterial flora deter the growth of ___

Harmful bacteria

Bacterial flora synthesize ___ vitamins in the large intestine

Complex B and K

What is the function of haustra?

Contract in response to distention

Most of the contractions in the large intestines are ___

haustral contractions

What does the hepatic portal circulation do?

Collects nutrition rich venous blood from digestive organs

Where does the hepatic portal circulation deliver blood to?

The liver

What happens to blood delivered to the liver by the hepatic portal circulation?

Metabolic processing or storage

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問題一覧

What is the alimentary canal?

A continuous muscular tube from mouth to anus

What is peristalsis?

Waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in organ walls

What is segmentation?

The intestines contracting and relaxing to more food back and forth

Propulsion includes both swallowing and peristalsis

True

What is chyme?

Bolus and gastric juices

What is bolus?

Food mixed with saliva

What causes heartburn?

Regurgitated gastric juices into the esophagus

What causes diarrhea?

When the large intestine does not have sufficient time to absorb remaining water

What causes constipation?

When stool remains in the colon for too long

The layers of the alimentary canal from lumen out are;

Mucosa → submucosa → muscularis externa → serosa

The layer of the alimentary canal responsible for peristalsis and segmentation is the

Muscularis externa

The GI tract has it's own nervous system

True

What role does the mouth play in chemical digestion?

Amylase and lipase begin breaking down starches

Saliva contains enzymes to begin chemical digestion

True

Which cell types in salivary glands produce enzymes?

Serous cells

What is the role of extrinsic salivary glands?

Produce serous, enzyme rich saliva

The esophagus changes from voluntary skeletal muscle to involuntary smooth muscle

True

What keeps the gastroesophageal sphincter when not swallowing?

The diaphragm

Which layer of the stomach allows increased mechanical breakdown?

Inner oblique layer

What do the gastric glands in the stomach produce?

Gastric juice, mucus and gastric

Small and large particles pass through the pyloric sphincter to continue digestion

False; only liquid and small particles can pass through

The duodenum prevents overfilling by controlling how much ___ enters

Chyme

In the stomach the enzymatic breakdown of proteins with ___ begins

Pepsin

Where is gastric lipase activated?

The stomach

What is required for the absorption of vitamin B12

Intrinsic factor

Now does the stomach denature proteins and plant cell walls?

Hydrochloride acid

Where are lipid soluble alcohols and aspirin absorbed into the blood from?

Stomach

Temporary storage of food occurs in the stomach

True

Why does the mucosal barrier of the stomach prevent it from eating itself?

It is bicarbonate rich

What is bile?

A fat emulsifier

What is the digestive function of liver?

Produce bile

Where is bile stored?

The gallbladder

Which organ supplies most of the enzymes needed to digest chyme?

Pancreas

What organ produces bicarbonate?

Pancreas

What is the largest gland in the body?

Liver

Which organ functions in detoxification?

Liver

What is the metabolic function of the liver?

Process nutritious venous blood

Where are glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins stored?

Liver

Where are plasma proteins produced?

Liver

Where does the chief bile pigment bilirubin come from?

The breakdown of RBC’s (heme)

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile by absorbing ___

Water and ions

Gallstones are ___

Crystallized cholesterol

Bile leaves the liver via

Bile ducts

Entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is controlled by

The hepatopancreatic sphincter

The common hepatic duct fuses with the ___ to drain the gallbladder

Cystic duct

The right and left bile ducts fuse into the ___

Common hepatic duct

What causes gallstones?

Too much cholesterol and bilirubin

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions

True

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Secrete pancreatic juice

Where does the pancreas secrete pancreatic juice to?

The duodenum

What is the function of pancreatic juice?

Break down foodstuff via enzymes

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Release insulin and glucagon

How is insulin and glucagon released from the pancreas?

Via pancreatic islets

Pancreatic juice is primarily ___

Bicarbonate

Why are proteases secreted in inactive form?

To prevent self-digestion

What is the major organ of the digestive system?

Small intestine

Where does most absorption occur in the digestive system?

The small intestine

The small intestine runs from the ___ to the ___

Pyloric sphincter, ileocecal valve

The length, and therefore increased surface area of the small intestine is why it is so adept at ___

Absorption

What is the function of pliceae circulars?

Spirals chyme slowly through the lumen of the small intestine

Which organ contains place circularis?

Small intestine

What is in the villi of the small intestine?

Dense capillary beds and lacteals

What is the function of dense capillary beds and lacteals?

Absorption

What feature of the small intestine contains enzymes for carbohydrate and protein digestion

Microvilli

Intestinal juice is secreted in response to

Distension or irritation of the mucosa

What facilitates the transport and absorption of nutrients?

Intestinal juice

Chyme’s journey in the small intestine is done mostly through

Segmentation

Most water absorption takes place in the

Small intestine

Substances needed for digestion in the small intestine are supplied by the

Liver and pancreas

The large intestine runs from the ___

Ileocecal valve to the anus

The ___ absorbs metabolites (vitamines) by resident bacteria

Large intestine

The large intestine is able to reclaim electrolytes

true

Haustra are located in

The large intestine

What is attached to the cecum?

Appendix

___ are pocketlike sacs located in the large intestine

Haustra

The first portion of the large intestine is the

Cecum

What is the function of rectal valves?

Stop feces being passed with gas

The internal anal sphincter is composed of

Smooth muscle

The external anal sphincter is composed of

Skeletal muscle

What protects the intestinal wall from residential bacteria in the colon?

Mucus

Bacterial flora ___ indigestible carbohydrates for fuel for the body's cells

Ferment

What releases irritating acids and gases in the large intestine?

Bacterial flora

Bacterial flora deter the growth of ___

Harmful bacteria

Bacterial flora synthesize ___ vitamins in the large intestine

Complex B and K

What is the function of haustra?

Contract in response to distention

Most of the contractions in the large intestines are ___

haustral contractions

What does the hepatic portal circulation do?

Collects nutrition rich venous blood from digestive organs

Where does the hepatic portal circulation deliver blood to?

The liver

What happens to blood delivered to the liver by the hepatic portal circulation?

Metabolic processing or storage